爆炸波通过颗粒介质传播规律的数值分析方法研究

本文在文献的基础上,结合颗粒介质的边值问题,采用变分方程导得爆炸波通过颗粒介质传播规律的动力方程,运用核爆压力模拟器模拟爆炸波通过颗粒介质的衰减规律,将试验结果与本文数值计算的理论结果进行了对比,其良好的一至性表明本方法是可行的。     

瓦斯爆炸波自激励效应的实验研究

基于爆炸波的发展机理在气体爆炸防护技术研究中的重要性,通过实验对密闭通道中瓦斯爆炸波的传播特征及规律进行了研究。结果表明,瓦斯爆炸传播过程中,压力波对火焰波既有促进作用又有抑制作用,不同阶段的主导作用不同;而火焰波对压力波也会产生影响,不但会加强压力波的超压和振幅,而且会使压力波上升段压缩、下降段拉伸,最终可能发展为爆震波,对巷道内的建筑、设备造成极大的破坏。     

爆炸波在三相饱和土中传播规律的近似分析方法

本文将爆炸波作用下三相饱和水土介质中的状态方程进行了合理的简化,首次解析得到了具有突加衰减三角形冲击荷载作用下自由场的传播规律。     

爆炸波作用下三相饱和土本构研究

本文基于三相饱和土爆炸荷载作用时的宏观试验现象,结合应用混合物理论分析得到的饱和土运动协调方程对一维爆炸波作用下三相饱和土本构关系进行了描述。     

T型分支坑道对油气爆炸传播特性的影响

为研究T型分支坑道对油气爆炸传播特性的影响,通过对比实验,测定了相同初始条件下T型分支坑道和直坑道中油气混合物爆炸的火焰传播速度和爆炸波超压值。利用高速摄影仪,记录了火焰传播至T型分支坑道时的火焰阵面变化情况,并对T型分支坑道中油气混合物爆炸的传播情况进行了理论分析。结果表明：T型分支坑道对油气混合物爆炸的影响可以视为面积突扩和障碍物扰动双重作用的影响;火焰经过支坑道时,火焰阵面发生扭曲并产生皱褶,表面积增大导致火焰传播速度增大;T型分支坑道处,大量反射波和绕射波进入波后反应区,加强了气流湍流强度,并推动已燃气体回传,迅速提高了燃烧反应速度和能量释放率,起到了增大火焰传播速度和爆炸波超压值的作用。     

美军正在研制新一代高空飞机

在加利福尼亚的比尔（Beale）空军基地上空的“黑色”飞机已被证实是由一种先进的推力系统推进的。这种发动机被称作“脉冲爆炸波发动机（PDWE）”,由于用了氢气推力系统,可以在30～50Km高空工作,速度可以达到10马赫。     

态势估计中一种基于最大后验概率估计的时间推理方法

态势估计中统计时间推理在许多应用中非常重要。Ｋｉｒｉｌｏｖ的基于极大似然估计（ＭａｘｉｍｕｍＬｉｋｅｌｉｈｏｏｄＥｓｔｉｍａｔｉｏｎ，ＭＬＥ）的推理方法将未知时间变量看作常数，忽略了它的先验信息，估计方差较大。针对这一问题，本文首先建立了已知时间信息和未知时间变量之间的关系模型，这一模型可用来解释Ｋｉｒｉｌｏｖ的方法；然后在这一模型下，将未知时间变量扩展为随机变量，采用基于最大后验概率估计（ＭａｘｉｍｕｍａＰｏｓ－ｔｅｒｉｏｒｉＥｓｔｉｍａｔｉｏｎ，ＭＡＰ）的方法进行统计时间推理。对两种推理算法的性能进行了分析和比较，发现在较宽的范围内，基于ＭＡＰ的方法性能优于基于ＭＬＥ的方法。     

人工神经网络方法实现自动判别失磁类型及失磁深度

利用失磁后 Ｅｔ．ｑ、 Ｅｆ ｑ．ｑ 衰减时间常数 Ｔｑ 仅取决于发电机参数及失磁类型的结论，根据失磁故障的分类，采用一个三层前向神经网络得出 Ｔｑ ，使微机失磁保护能够在失磁发生的瞬间自动判别出失磁类型并预测失磁深度。数字仿真、动模试验以及实际运行证明了本文所提出的方法。     

火炮射击声信号AR模型特征研究

针对现代炮兵战场上的目标识别问题,阐述了火炮射击声信号数据—发射波、弹道波和爆炸波的特征,介绍了火炮射击声信号AR模型谱估计的方法和步骤,利用MATLAB信号处理工具箱具体实现了三种不同类型火炮发射波的AR模型谱估计,并对一批样本成功进行了分类识别实验,探讨了火炮射击声信号AR模型特征在现代战场火炮目标识别中的意义和应用价值。     

电子战仿真数字系统模型及设计方法

阐述了在ＥＷ 系统建模、仿真和评估中采用电子战数字系统模型（ＥＷＤＳＭ）的意义。结合电子战系统仿真评估的特点，讨论了ＥＷＤＳＭ 在设计时采用的方法，如面向对象的分析方法的类层次和类结构，以及基于ＨＬＡ／ＲＴＩ的分布仿真协议的分布式计算环境的仿真系统设计。     

Relative performance of novel blast wave mitigation system to conventional system based on mitigation percent criteria

Recent researches focused on developing robust blast load mitigation systems due to the threats of terrorist attacks. One of the main embraced strategies is the structural systems that use mitigation techniques. They are developed from a combination of structural elements and described herein as conventional systems. Among the promising techniques is that redirect the waves propagation through hollow tubes. The blast wave propagation through tubes provides an efficient system since it combines many blast wave phenomena, such as reflection, diffraction, and interaction. In this research, a novel blast load mitigation system, employed as a protection fence, is developed using a technique similar to the technique of the bent tube in manipulating the shock-wave. The relative performance of the novel system to the conventional system is evaluated based on mitigation percent criteria. Performances of both systems are calculated through numerical simulation. The proposed novel system proved to satisfy high performance in mitigating the generated blast waves from charges weight up to 500 kg TNT at relatively small standoff distances (5 m and 8 m). It mitigates at least 94％ of the blast waves, which means that only 6％ of that blast impulse is considered as the applied load on the targeted structure.     

杀爆弹对主战坦克毁伤评估仿真

在全面分析杀爆弹对主战坦克毁伤效应的基础上，针对冲击波和破片对坦克外部件的毁伤，利用计算机仿真方法进行杀爆弹对主战坦克毁伤评估。利用射击线技术构建了杀爆弹对主战坦克毁伤评估模型；基于蒙特卡洛随机模拟试验法，开发了计算程序，进行了以破片杀伤为主的杀爆弹对主战坦克毁伤效应仿真评估，得到了车体命中破片数随炸点坐标变化规律，以及坦克整体毁伤概率随杀爆弹终点速度变化规律。研究结果为主战坦克目标易损性分析与毁伤评估提供了重要参考。     

Numerical investigation on free air blast loads generated from center-initiated cylindrical charges with varied aspect ratio in arbitrary orientation

In current guidelines, the free air blast loads (overpressure and impulse) are determined by spherical charges, although most of ordnance devices are more nearly cylindrical than spherical in geometry. This may result in a great underestimation of blast loads in the near field and lead to an unsafe design. However, there is still a lack of systematic quantitative analysis of the blast loads generated from cylindrical charges. In this study, a numerical model is developed by using the hydrocode AUTODYN to investigate the influences of aspect ratio and orientation on the free air blast loads generated from center-initiated cylindrical charges. This is done by examining the pressure contours, the peak overpressures and impulses for various aspect ratios ranged from 1 to 8 and arbitrary orientation monitored along every azimuth angle with an interval of 5°. To characterize the distribution patterns of blast loads, three regions, i.e., the axial region, the vertex region and the radial region are identified, and the propagation of blast waves in each region is analyzed in detail. The complexity of blast loads of cylindrical charges is found to result from the bridge wave and its interaction with primary waves. Several empirical formulas are presented based on curve-fitting the numerical data, including the orientation where the maximum peak overpressure emerges, the critical scaled distance beyond which the charge shape effect could be neglected and blast loads with varied aspect ratio in arbitrary orientation, all of which are useful for blast-resistant design.     

Response of masonry systems against blast loading

In this paper eight successive experimental blast tests with an increasing TNT equivalent charge weights ranging from 0.56 kg to 17.78 kg were conducted on unreinforced, ferrocemented overlay masonry and confined masonry walls. The pressure-time history caused by the blast was recorded by pressure sensors installed on the test specimen. The resulting damage pattern was observed during each test. Weak zones in the three systems of masonry were identified. Scaled distances for different damage levels in the three masonry systems were experimentally obtained. The results provide a basis for determining the response of each masonry system against blast loading. Consequently, efficiency of ferrocemented overlay ma-sonry and confined masonry was found established in mitigation against blast loads.     

T型坑道中爆炸冲击波传播规律的数值模拟

为了确定地下坑道中防护门上的冲击波荷载,首先需要弄清爆炸冲击波在坑道中的传播衰减规律.在模型坑道爆炸实验数据验证的基础上,应用数值模拟方法研究了T型坑道中爆炸冲击波的传播衰减规律.通过大量不同模型尺寸、不同炸药药量的数值模拟,得到了T型坑道中平面冲击波的形成位置,提出了爆炸冲击波通过T型坑道拐弯时新的冲击波压力衰减系数...     

Responses of HFR-LWC beams under close-range blast loadings accompanying membrane action

The load-carrying capacities and failure patterns of reinforced concrete components can be significantly changed by membrane effects. However, limited work has been carried out to investigate the blast resistance of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Lightweight Aggregate Concrete (HFR-LWC) members accompanying membrane action. This paper presents a theoretical approach to quantitatively depicting the membrane behavior and its contribution on the behavior of HFR-LWC beams under close-range blast loadings, and the suitability of the proposed model is validated by a series of field tests. An improved Single-Degree-of-Freedom (SDOF) model was employed to describe the dynamic responses of beam-like members under blast loadings accompanying membrane action, where the mass-load coefficient is determined according to the nonuniformly distributed load induced by close-range explosion, and the membrane action is characterized by an in-plane (longitudinal) force and a resisting moment. The elasto-plastic and recovery responses of HFR-LWC beams under the combined action of blast load and membrane force were analyzed by the promoted model. A specially built end-constrain clamp was developed to provide membrane action for the beam member when they are subjected to blast load simultaneously. It is demonstrated that the analytical displacement-time histories are in good agreement with experimental results before peak deflections and that the improved SDOF model is an acceptable tool for predicting the behavior of HFR-LWC beams under blast loadings accompanying membrane action.     

冲击波和高速破片联合作用下固支方板毁伤效应数值模拟

为探讨固支方形钢板结构在空爆冲击波和高速破片联合作用下的动态响应过程及变形破坏模式,利用有限元分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA,开展了空爆冲击波和高速破片对固支方板的联合作用数值模拟计算,阐述了固支方板在联合载荷作用下动态响应过程的2个阶段,以及在不同爆距下的变形破坏模式和特点。结果表明,随着爆距增加,在破片密集作用区内,钢板的破坏模式存在从集团冲塞破口到部分穿孔边界撕裂联通,再到无穿孔边界撕裂现象的转换。     

A fast-running method for blast load prediction shielding by a protective barrier

This study presents a simplified blast load prediction method on structures behind a protective barrier. The proposed method is basically an empirical approach based on Kingery-Bulamsh (K-B) chart and finite element (FE) analysis results. To this end, this study divides the structure into three regions by three critical points. Blast loads at each critical point can be calculated based on K-B chart and an approximation according to FE analysis results. Finally, peak reflected overpressure and impulse distributed on the structure can be approximately estimated by linearly connecting blast loads at each critical point. In order to confirm a feasibility of the proposed method, a series of numerical simulations were carried out. The simulation results were compared with FE analysis results which are presented in the open literature. From such comparisons, it was found that the proposed method is applicable to predict blast loads on structures behind a protective barrier.     

解析方法与数值模拟相结合求解炸药在容器内部爆炸产生的壁面载荷

本文采用总变差递减（TVD）数值方法与强爆炸解析解相结合的手段,求解了炸药在爆炸容器内部产生的作用载荷。计算结果与实验值在几个典型位置进行了比较,二者有良好的符合。与单纯的数值方法相比,本文所探索的方法能有效地克服对称轴附近的数值振荡,不失为确定爆炸载荷的一种新途径。