On Growing Operating Costs in the Armed Forces

Operating costs per unit of input or output are often claimed to grow faster in defence than elsewhere in the economy. In this paper, we outline several possible reasons as to why operating costs increase at higher rates in defence, including differences in the input factor mix and productivity growth, the technological complexity required to maintain the relative effect of weapon systems and a gradual reduction in the number of units and activity. We investigate whether operating costs grow at a faster rate than elsewhere in the economy, by estimating growth in real output unit costs in the Norwegian Armed Forces for the period 1994–2013, using activity as a measure of output. We find no increase beyond general inflation in structural (fixed) costs, whereas activity-based (variable) costs per unit of activity increase significantly.     

脉冲电抗器结构应力测量

为了对高压脉冲放电时电抗器结构受力及电流密度分布规律进行分析,使用电阻应变片对电抗器铜带进行应力测量。利用厚壁筒受压模型对应力测量系统的结果进行计算,设计内置气囊增压法来等效铜带上的应力对测量系统进行标定,并对标定实验数据进行验证。使用半桥补偿电路、屏蔽线及电桥盒共地的方法来减小脉冲电磁干扰及测量回路中寄生电阻和电容带来的电气干扰。实验结果表明:同一测量点处的环向应变峰值比轴向应变峰值大,边缘处的应变大于中心处的,需要在电抗器铜带边缘处加强外包约束。根据应力测量结果推断:铜带边缘处电流密度约为中心处电流密度的1.2倍。     

一项基于地方高校英语专业学生地方文化认知与输出能力的调查研究--以宁夏师范学院为例

服务地方经济社会发展是地方性本科院校的主要功能之一。本研究以宁夏师范学院英语专业学生为研究对象,探究该校英语专业学生服务地方经济社会发展能力,调查研究从学生地方文化认知和文化输出能力两个方面开展。研究结果显示该校英语专业学生宁南地方文化缺失现象严重,宁南地方文化的翻译沟通能力匮乏,文化输出能力偏低。研究发现学生服务地方经济社会发展能力偏低,并从人才培养方案的设置等方面提出了一些建议,以期能为该校英语专业学生服务地方经济社会发展能力的培养起到一定的积极作用。     

Efficient budget allocation strategies for elementary effects method in stochastic simulation

This paper focuses on extending the Morris' elementary effects method (MM) for sensitivity analysis/factor screening originated in the context of deterministic computer experiments to the stochastic simulation setting. Given a fixed simulation budget to expend, the main objective is to provide efficient and accurate estimates of main and interaction (or nonlinear) effects coined by the standard MM for characterizing the importance of each factor, despite the impact of simulation errors. Taking into account both the factor/input sampling uncertainty rooted in MM and the random errors inherent in a stochastic simulation, we develop efficient budget allocation strategies for implementing MM in this new context. Under each strategy proposed, we derive its corresponding optimal budget partition and optimal budget allocation rules. Numerical results corroborate the practical effectiveness of the proposed budget allocation strategies.     

多排式轴向柱塞液压马达缸体的关键技术研究

在总结国内外单排式轴向柱塞液压马达研究成果的基础上,结合多排与单排式轴向柱塞马达之间的异同,对多排式轴向柱塞马达的缸体结构模型进行分析,并以双排式轴向柱塞马达为例,研究了双排式轴向柱塞马达缸体设计的关键技术,采用参数化公式推导出双排式轴向柱塞马达缸体结构的理论设计公式,建立了双排式轴向柱塞马达缸体的数学模型。为多排式轴向柱塞马达关键技术的进一步研究提供了重要的理论依据。     

频率性规律在非专业英语学习中的窘迫地位及其挽救方法

频率性规律是英语学习本质而重要的特征,在阐明频率性规律在高校非专业英语学习中的窘迫地位之后,以频率性规律为理论模式,以高校非专业英语教学为实践框架,从单词、词组、语法和文化背景等4个方面,对如何挽回频率性规律在英语学习和教学中的重要地位进行了尝试。这种努力,对于解决高等院校非专业英语教学中学时和教学内容之间的尖锐矛盾,有重要的现实意义。     

ANALYSING DEFENCE DEPENDENCY: THE IMPACT OF THE ROYAL NAVY ON A SUB‐REGIONAL ECONOMY

This paper provides a methodology for estimating the economic impact of defence spending at a sub‐regional level. It does so by calculating the income and employment generated by Britain’s Royal Navy and associated defence activities in the City of Portsmouth and its surrounding area, during the financial year 2003–2004. In an era of military consolidation, the paper offers an insight into the multifaceted impact of defence‐related expenditure. Hence, it presents a generic framework that could prove useful to other researchers when seeking to measure the sub‐regional impact of naval, airforce and army facilities in other national contexts.     

论短肢剪力墙的轴压比限值

在理论方面,短肢剪力墙的研究尚处在探索阶段,缺少系统的研究,有关短肢剪力墙结构的轴压比对抗剪性能的影响分析还很不完善。在理论分析的基础上,确定了用以判断构件大、小偏压状态的界限轴压比,得到了为保证T形截面短肢剪力墙构件具有一定延性的轴压比限值。     

离散随机系统的一类综合控制

研究离散线性随机系统在方差约束下的综合控制设计问题,即设计期望的静态输出反馈控制器,使闭环极点位于单位圆内的一个环形区域内。同时,每个稳态状态方差都满足给定的上界约束,从而使闭环系统具有良好的稳定特性和动态性能。本文利用修正的代数Ｌｙａｐｕｎｏｖ方程,推导出控制器存在的充分条件和解集刻划,并提供了说明性的数值算例。文中所得结果具有形式简洁、易于工程实现的特点     

基于双特征参数解的直杆弹性动力后屈曲研究

利用差分方法求解动力后屈曲非线性方程解,研究了弹性直杆的2类轴向碰撞屈曲问题.将双特征参数解得出的含有小幅值参数的初始动力屈曲模态作为非线性后屈曲解的初始条件.理论计算的结果与文献中的实验数据达到了很好的一致,由此验证了双特征参数方法的正确性.研究结果还揭示了碰撞过程中屈曲变形扩展和发展的机理,以及轴向应力波和屈曲变形的相互作用规律.