弹道导弹中段拦截产生的空间碎片影响分析

针对弹道导弹中段拦截产生的空间碎片可能对在轨航天器的影响进行了分析,弹道导弹中段拦截产生的空间碎片的质量、速度和运行时间都很有限,本质上为亚轨道残骸,不会对在轨航天器造成重大影响,对在轨航天器的威胁主要来自流星和以往空间任务产生的轨道残骸.     

Damage behavior of the KKV direct hit against fluid-filled submunition payload

The damage effects of fluid-filled submunition payload impacted by the kinetic kill vehicle (KKV) are investigated by simulations and ground-based experiments. Numerical simulations showed that the damage level and number of submunitions were significantly influenced by the diameter of the KKV compared with its length. Based on that, a high velocity penetrator formed by shaped charge explosion was used to simulate the direct hit experiment of a KKV impacting submunition payload. Experimental results demonstrated that the damage modes of submunitions mainly included the slight damage, perforation and total smash, showing a good agreement with the simulations. To understand the multiple damage modes of submunitions, the damage behavior of the submunitions in direct hit process were analyzed based on the AUTODYN-3D code. Numerical results presented that increased KKV diameter can increase the crater diameter and expand the damage volume, which will achieve a higher direct hit lethality. Further analysis indicated that there were other mechanical behaviors can enhance the damage to submunitions not lying in the KKV flight path, such as secondary debris kill, neighboring submunitions collision with each other, and high-speed fluid injection effect.     

One size does not fit all: personalized incentives in military compensation

A critical element in implementing a compensation scheme including nonmonetary incentives (NMIs) is recognizing that preferences vary widely across Service members. There are at least three sources of variability: across different population classes, across individuals within a population class, and across NMI packages for a particular individual. Surveys across different military communities, ranks, and years of Service show the difficulty of identifying any NMI that has significant value for even 50% of the active duty force. At the same time, approximately 80% of the surveyed Service members expressed a significant positive value for at least one NMI. Therefore, one-size-fits-all incentive packages will not be nearly as effective as more personalized incentive packages. The authors discuss variability in Service member NMI preferences and outline an approach to implementing personalized NMI packages in military compensation through a sealed-bid reverse auction, where Service members select individual NMIs from a “cafeteria-style” menu of options.     

弹道导弹被动段最优脉冲变轨方法

弹道导弹大气层外飞行时间长且弹道固定,易被敌方预测和拦截。针对以上问题,本文提出一种最优脉冲式变轨方法,该方法设计的弹道由2条不同的椭圆弧段组成,成功命中目标的同时,增加了敌方的拦截难度。以机动变轨所需能量和变轨后飞行剩余时间的加权最优为性能指标,设计了利用遗传算法在初始弹道上寻求最优变轨点的方法。最后,将遗传算法搜索最优点结果与遍历搜索结果进行对比,其最大误差为 ,从而验证了遗传算法在应用于导弹变轨问题,用以寻求最优变轨点是准确有效的。     

基于飞行时间的弹道导弹火力控制

为了达到最佳射击效果,弹道导弹突击目标时经常需要多枚导弹同时击中目标,因此根据飞行时间确定发射时间则成为弹道导弹火力控制问题的重要内容。以具体导弹为例,采用仿真的方法分析了影响飞行时间的内在原因,得出了明确的结论,使导弹部队能够根据飞行时间确定发射时间,从而合理地进行火力控制,提高毁伤效果和震慑力。     

火灾事故与民事侵权责任研究

火灾事故会给受害人造成人身和财产损失,存在民事责任。探讨了火灾事故民事侵权责任,从法律的角度论述了火灾事故民事侵权责任的追究和赔偿,并从建立和完善损害赔偿专家证人制度及火灾保险制度提出了完善火灾民事赔偿制度的建议。     

扩张状态观测器的观测误差前馈补偿设计

在"总和"扰动模型未知的前提下,针对线性扩张状态观测器跟踪时变信号精度不高的问题,设计出一种前馈观测补偿器。在分析线性扩张状态观测器观测原理的基础上,通过对扰动项的线性近似、误差系统动态响应的忽略,在时域内推导出观测静差的量化表达式,进而使用扰动微分项的估计值替代真值对观测作前馈补偿。理论分析了替代的可行性,证明了补偿器减小观测误差幅值、超前校正观测相位滞后的作用。将这一补偿思想推广至非线性扩张状态观测器中。通过仿真对补偿器提高观测精度、加快误差收敛的有效性进行检验,实验结果进一步表明,补偿器的引入能显著提高整个自抗扰控制系统的控制精度,从而证明了这种补偿思路的可行性。     

消防灭火中致损行为的救济途径

消防部门在扑救火灾的过程中，往往会不可避免的对其他公民、法人或者其他组织造成财产上的损害，谁来为这些损失“买单”，已经成为消防部门目前所面临一个突出问题。通过对消防灭火行为的法律定性、分析国家赔偿与紧急避险理论，试图找到一个解决此类问题的有效救济途径。     

混合式学习背景下在线学习策略的缺失及补偿

混合式学习已经成为当前教育趋势，对于混合式学习中的在线学习研究成果越来越丰富。本文通过网络平台问卷调查了混合式学习模式下大一新生在线学习情况，发现在线学习的最主要障碍之一是在线学习策略缺失，导致学习过程不顺畅。文章指出，针对在线学习的管理策略和元认知策略两方面，教师可以通过教学管理的具体手段给予干预，培养学生的在线学习策略，提高其学习效率，真正实现课堂教学和在线学习的高效融合。     

精密磨床主轴回转误差补偿技术的研究

本文在分析精密磨床主轴回转误差运动特点的基础上,提出了基于时序建模理论的随机运动误差补偿方案,并介绍了采用信号处理器TMS32010实现高速补偿控制的方法及初步实验结果。