Damage visualization and deformation measurement in glass laminates during projectile penetration

Transparent armor consists of glass-polymer laminates in most cases. The formation and propagation of damage in the different glass layers has a strong influence on the ballistic resistance of such laminates. In order to clarify the course of events during projectile penetration, an experimental technique was developed, which allows visualizing the onset and propagation of damage in each single layer of the laminate. A telecentric objective lens was used together with a microsecond video camera that allows recording 100 frames at a maximum rate of 1 MHz in a backlit photography set-up. With this technique, the damage evolution could be visualized in glass laminates consisting of four glass layers with lateral dimensions 500 mm × 500 mm. Damage evolution was recorded during penetration of 7.62 mm AP projectiles with tungsten carbide core and a total mass of 11.1 g in the impact velocity range from 800 to 880 m/s. In order to measure the deformation of single glass plates within the laminates, a piece of reflecting tape was attached to the corresponding glass plate, and photonic Doppler velocimetry (PDV) was applied. With the photonic Doppler velocimeter, an infrared laser is used to illuminate an object to be measured and the Doppler-shifted light is superimposed to a reference light beam at the detector. The simultaneous visualization and PDV measurement of the glass deformation allow determining the deformation at the time of the onset of fracture. The analysis of the experimental data was supported by numerical simulations, using the AUTODYN commercial hydro-code.     

Bringing Military Conduct out of the Shadow of Law: Towards a Holistic Understanding of Rules of Engagement

In this article, I outline a holistic approach to the military concept of “Rules of Engagement” (ROE), which complements the legal aspects of ROE with considerations of operational and political requirements for the use of military force. Drawing upon two illustrative cases from the US military experience with the use of ROE, I demonstrate that ROE for any particular military operation should be formulated to balance optimally, if not harmonize fully, the legal, operational and political concerns related to the use of force. In this task, political decision-makers and military practitioners alike are confronted with unavoidable and real-life dilemmas. How these dilemmas are handled has significant implications for how legal requirements concerning accountability and concerns for civilian lives in military combat can be preserved through ROE.     

智能化作战指挥模式需求

智能装备已经走入军队、走向战场,创建智能化作战指挥模式是智能化时代作战指挥的必然发展趋势,智能化作战指挥模式需求分析可为智能作战问题研究提供有效的信息。智能化作战指挥模式的需求分析已经具备了一定的物质、理论和技术基础,同时,也具有了一定的构建思路、实践条件和实验平台。在此基础上,本文从军事需求、功能需求和技术需求以及构建要求四个不同角度进行需求分析,以找准创建需求,为后续工作进一步展开奠定基础。     

战场环境地形编辑器系统设计与实现

作战仿真中,地形地物对战争进程发挥着重要影响。设计并实现了战场环境地形编辑器系统,该系统利用规整网格存储高程数据,确保了动态编辑地形的实时性,并使用CLOD地形渲染方法提高绘制性能。在此基础上,对堑壕、铁丝网、三角锥、雷场、碉堡等常见战场要素的特点进行分析,将它们分为点状地物、线状地物和面状地物;最后,对每类地物分别设计不同的生成算法。实验结果证明了算法的有效性。     

舰炮目标毁伤判定与毁伤效果仿真研究

舰炮对目标毁伤的判定与毁伤效果仿真是舰载作战系统仿真训练的重要组成部分,作为连接舰炮射击与目标毁伤的中间环节,它实现了对目标毁伤状态的判定,以及目标毁伤效果的仿真反馈,从而仿真训练系统中其他仿真成员,以及各型侦察模拟设备可以发现并判定目标毁伤状态,为作战指挥人员进行作战指挥决策提供目标毁伤信息,为参训职手提供更为实战化的仿真训练环境。在简述舰载作战系统仿真训练系统的基础上,重点探讨了基于毁伤概率表和弹目交会的舰炮毁伤判定方法,并简述了目标毁伤效果仿真方法。     

一种精确打击下桥梁毁伤视景仿真系统设计实现

目前,在桥梁毁伤仿真领域采用的数值仿真方法虽具有精确性高的优点,但是仿真过程不直观、形象,整体性不强。采用视景仿真技术进行精确打击下桥梁毁伤仿真,在保证精确性要求的基础上,利用Unity3D软件以三维画面的形式进行展示,仿真过程形象、直观、明了。给出的精确打击下桥梁毁伤视景仿真系统的设计方法,能够满足真实性和实时性的要求,利用Unity3D自带的物理引擎完成了桥梁模型的物理特性建模和爆炸仿真分析,通过全过程仿真,能够分析得出相应的毁伤结论,达到了预期效果。     

网络中心战条件下的导弹作战模拟研究

从网络中心战的概念入手,分析了网络中心战条件下导弹作战的概念;从导弹作战系统入手,结合网络中心作战样式,分析了网络中心战条件下导弹作战系统内部结构;从系统动力学基本原理出发,结合导弹作战的概念和结构,建立了网络中心战条件下导弹作战的系统动力学模型;从作战想定出发,突出战场制信息权的重要性,制定了作战对策,形成了导弹作战对策的结论;最后提出了加强我军导弹部队信息化建设的建议.     

基于装备战斗力的集群装备战损等级评定方法

为了建立集群装备战损评估决策支持系统的需要,对集群装备战损等级评定方法进行了研究.在集群装备的组成特点与评估装备战斗力的基本方法,战时实时评估与平时效能分析的区别与联系的分析基础上,建立了基于单装战损评估的战斗力评估模型,对模型的具体步骤与关键参数进行了详细阐述,由此进一步建立了基于模糊隶属度的集群装备战损等级评定模型.最后以示例对上述模型的具体应用进行了说明.     

爆炸冲击波对靶板的损伤仿真与评估研究

为了研究爆炸冲击波对武器装备的损伤,建立了炸药爆炸冲击靶板的有限元模型,对不同厚度靶板在确定爆炸冲击环境下的损伤进行了仿真试验。不同于传统的宏观破口尺寸损伤表征参数,引入了等效塑性应变来精确描述靶板损伤,并提出了一种基于主成分分析理论对靶板损伤进行评估的方法。结果表明：利用该方法所得到的计算结果与理论分析结果完全一致。这说明基于多元统计分析的靶板损伤评估方法是切实可行的,可以进一步应用于装备爆炸损伤评估与易损性研究中。     

基于ANSYS／LS—DYNA的电子装备爆炸冲击振动损伤建模研究

针对电子装备爆炸冲击振动损伤问题,设计了损伤模拟的基本方案;采用ANSYS／LS—DYNA建立了二维“爆炸源-地面-弹性体-电子装备”模型;通过模型试验,获得了与实际爆炸冲击振动特性相吻合的加速度、位移和应力等数据。