任务请求模式下无人机战场态势显示系统设计

任务请求模式是高空长航时无人机重要的作战使用模式,该模式下无人机侦察数据的判读和综合信息的显示存在着判读数据和综合信息所需的背景情报分散、目标关联困难等问题,需要将无人机的侦察数据、无人机综合信息与战场态势等相关背景信息进行情报结合和关联显示。为此,通过分析任务请求模式下高空长航时无人机作战模式和态势信息流程,总结该作战模式下无人机态势信息显示的可行性需求,进行了任务请求模式下无人机战场态势显示系统的概要设计。该系统利用通用战场态势等背景信息辅助进行无人机侦察数据的判读和综合信息的显示,可有效辅助无人机侦察任务的开展和执行。     

SECURITY GOVERNANCE IN SOUTH AFRICA

In the ten years since the establishment of South Africa's first inclusive democratic government, an ambitious, extensive and systematic process of reform has been carried out in the governance of security. The process is widely regarded as having been successful and a model for other processes of ‘security sector reform’ in the context of transitions from authoritarian forms of governance to democratic ones.

That this been achieved with hardly a shot fired in anger is a remarkable achievement and a credit to visionary political leadership as well as organisational capacity, in other words to effective security governance.

At the same time, progress has been uneven and sometimes fragmentary, policy intentions and commitments have not always been translated into practice, the end results have not been to everyone's liking, and transformation has engendered its own pathologies. Thus several challenges remain in improving security governance.

This article provides a broad overview of the roles played by the various actors in the governance of the security sector, including the executive, parliament and civil society. It examines the main policy frameworks and touches on organisational transformation, because it is impossible to deal with governance in isolation from these issues. Policy processes and the frameworks they give rise to—in particular—are critical for effective governance. This article deals with the defence, safety and security and intelligence fields. A comprehensive overview would need to include the governance of criminal justice and foreign policy. The article does not seek to make an overall evaluation of governance, but to identify achievements, shortfalls and challenges.     

South Africa's threat environment: a guide for the National Planning Commission

Abstract

The mandate of South Africa's recently appointed National Planning Commission includes addressing ‘defence and security matters’. This article seeks to outline the central elements of the threat environment facing South Africa in the foreseeable future. It is argued that South Africa faces no meaningful existential threat from conventional military forces but that its security forces will need to be prepared to address possible raids and attacks by conventional military forces both on home soil and on vital interests beyond the nation's borders. Other threats highlighted include the threats posed by potential insurgencies, by terrorism, and by crime, social unrest and banditry. Also addressed is the danger of so-called hybrid threats, in which two or more of the single threat types outlined here are combined. Finally, the article challenges the National Planning Commission to rethink South Africa's policy on peace operations in the light of the need to ensure the safety and security of the nation's citizenry.     

战场要素的认知处理

针对多弹编队飞行时如何判断当前复杂战场环境下的战场态势问题,采用层次分析法、属性识别理论方法和数据融合的方法,研究了实时认知处理战场要素模型问题。首先,对复杂战场要素进行分析,对这些战场要素进行分类;对不同的战场要素分别建立数学模型;然后,采用层次分析法和属性识别理论方法对导弹认知的数据进行评估,得到数据的精度评估等级后,采用数据融合方法对数据进行融合,得到融合后数据,以此对导弹中的数据进行实时更新。最后,将所建立的战场要素模型进行实例化仿真,仿真结果表明该方法的有效性。     

虚拟战场的实时四声道立体声合成

面向虚拟战场提出了实现实时四声道立体声合成的简化算法。针对四声道立体声的特殊性 ,首先探讨了四声道立体声系统中扬声器的配置方案。在四声道立体声系统扬声器配置方案的基础上 ,解决了单声源的表示、声强衰减及实时立体声化问题 ,然后提出一种评价混声效果的标准及一个评价声源对整个声音所作贡献的公式 ,并由此提出一个混声公式 ,从而解决了多声源环境的实时混声问题。该套算法用于应用系统 ,取得了较好的效果。     

分布虚拟战场环境CGF行为调度

提出了一种分布虚拟战场环境中计算机生成兵力(CGF)实体行为调度方法,该方法由仿真结点对结点中运行的所有本地CGF实体及异地实体的远程模型所产生的行为进行集中式调度。通过本地CGF实体的兴趣域动态决定需要执行的异地实体远程模型行为的优先级及执行最后时限,通过将本地所有CGF实体的兴趣域合并,减少仿真结点需要调度的异地实体远程模型数量,进一步降低仿真结点的计算开销。该方法可以有效地确保分布虚拟战场环境对仿真实时性及真实性的要求。     

战场态势生理信息感知系统

针对战场态势感知对人员信息采集的要求,设计了一种战场态势生理信息感知系统。该系统结合无线传感器网络,可穿戴技术,以CC2430芯片为核心,利用多生理传感器采集士兵生理信息,实现了心电、呼吸、体温和肢体运动的实时监测,并通过RS-232接口与微机连接,显示实时分析结果。经实验测试,结果与设计相符,数据误差不大于0．5％,系统功耗为240mW,通信距离为150m。该系统较好地满足了实时、准确、长时间监测的要求。     

天基信息支援下装备战场抢修有色Petri网模型研究

对天基信息支援下装备战场抢修活动过程进行了探索,运用Petri网建模工具建立了天基信息支援下装备战场抢修有色Petri网模型,将组织结构图、功能图和信息流动流程图集于一身,实现了系统的静态结构和动态过程的统一。模型直观、易于理解,对模型运行规则进行了详细说明,有利于仿真编程的实现。通过模型的深入研究,能够加深对天基信息支援下装备战场抢修规律的认识,进一步提高装备战场抢修能力。     

论信息化条件下战场空间的嬗变

随着信息技术在战争中的广泛应用,战场空间正在由传统的陆、海、空三维空间向自然空间、非自然空间和认知空间拓展,并且已经初步形成了七维一体作战空间的雏形,战场空间也呈现出与以往不同的宏观化、微观化、虚拟化和无序化的新特点;在分析各作战空间辩证关系的基础上,提出了对未来我军现代化建设的几点启示.