Inventory pooling games for expensive,low‐demand spare parts

We consider several independent decision makers who stock expensive, low‐demand spare parts for their high‐tech machines. They can collaborate by full pooling of their inventories via free transshipments. We examine the stability of such pooling arrangements, and we address the issue of fairly distributing the collective holding and downtime costs over the participants, by applying concepts from cooperative game theory. We consider two settings: one where each party maintains a predetermined stocking level and one where base stock levels are optimized. For the setting with fixed stocking levels, we unravel the possibly conflicting effects of implementing a full pooling arrangement and study these effects separately to establish intuitive conditions for existence of a stable cost allocation. For the setting with optimized stocking levels, we provide a simple proportional rule that accomplishes a population monotonic allocation scheme if downtime costs are symmetric among participants. Although our whole analysis is motivated by spare parts applications, all results are also applicable to other pooled resource systems of which the steady‐state behavior is equivalent to that of an Erlang loss system. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2012     

基于证据理论的战时军械维修器材供应链性能评价

在一般供应链性能评价指标体系的基础上,结合现代战争中军械维修器材供应链的特点,从资源、输出和柔性三个角度构建了战时军械维修器材供应链性能评价的指标体系.考虑到战争环境下信息的模糊性和不确定性,建立了战时军械维修器材供应链性能评价的证据理论模型.以某战时军械维修器材供应链为例,基于构建的战时军械维修器材供应链性能评价指标体系和模型进行案例研究.结果表明,基于证据理论构建的战时军械维修器材供应链性能评价模型是可行的,有效的.     

基于分块的伪Zernike矩归一化的人脸识别方法

以改进的伪Zemike矩相关知识为背景,提出了一种新颖的人脸识别方法。该方法通过将人脸分块,降低了光照条件、人脸表情等外在因素对人脸识别的影响。首先将人脸图像分块并重组矩阵的行和列,然后计算重组后人脸图像的伪Zemike矩,并对其进行归一化处理,最后采用最小邻近分类器进行判别。实验结果表明,该方法对于人脸光照、姿态和表情变化均具有良好的鲁棒性。在前人的研究基础上,进一步探讨了伪Zemike矩在人脸识别方面的应用。     

基于编码矩阵识别的高速空时分组码技术

正交空时分组码和准正交空时分组码的编码速率≤1,为使空时分组码能够应用在高速传输的场合,本文提出了一种基于编码矩阵识别的高速空时分组码设计方法。该方法通过在发送端发送不同的编码矩阵表示不同的附加信息,能够实现大于1编码速率,仿真分析结果表明,在高信噪比条件下该方法使编码速率达到了2.5,并具有良好的有效吞吐容量,特别适合无线高速数据传输。     

相关MIMO信道下一种特征波束成型方案的性能研究

提出了相关多输入多输出信道下的一种空时分组码、空分复用与波束成型相结合的新方案.该方案利用了发射分集和空分复用所带来的分集和复用增益,并基于接收机反馈的信道相关矩阵设计了一种波束成型器.仿真结果表明,这种方案的性能较传统的方案在高信噪比时能获得较大的改善.     

Vertically restrictive pricing in supply chains with price‐dependent demand

We examine the behavior of a manufacturer and a retailer in a decentralized supply chain under price‐dependent, stochastic demand. We model a retail fixed markup (RFM) policy, which can arise as a form of vertically restrictive pricing in a supply chain, and we examine its effect on supply chain performance. We prove the existence of the optimal pricing and replenishment policies when demand has a linear additive form and the distribution of the uncertainty component has a nondecreasing failure rate. We numerically compare the relative performance of RFM to a price‐only contract and we find that RFM results in greater profit for the supply chain than the price‐only contract in a variety of scenarios. We find that RFM can lead to Pareto‐improving solutions where both the supplier and the retailer earn more profit than under a price‐only contract. Finally, we compare RFM to a buyback contract and explore the implications of allowing the fixed markup parameter to be endogenous to the model. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006.     

基于打击链的智能武器风险分析与控制方法研究

打击链是分析武器和系统等作战要素有效性的一种方法。针对当前智能武器概念缺乏一致定义的问题,本文提出了基于打击链作战方式的智能武器判定方法。针对智能武器认定困难引发的军控措施争论,分析了智能武器两方面的失控风险:人失去对自主武器的控制权与自主武器本身存在不可控因素和缺陷;以及智能武器的问责困境:如何在指挥者、编程者与智能武器之间分配责任。在此基础上,思考了智能武器在未来战争体系对抗中的使用模式,提出了智能武器的风险控制与军备控制方法方面的建议,包括"武器+AI"与"AI+武器"模式探讨、限制智能武器作用域、智能武器应内嵌物理限制系统、限制智能武器的训练数据以及国防采办过程控制等。     

Optimal division of inventory between depot and bases

We consider a problem of optimal division of stock between a logistic depot and several geographically dispersed bases, in a two‐echelon supply chain. The objective is to minimize the total cost of inventory shipment, taking into account direct shipments between the depot and the bases, and lateral transshipments between bases. We prove the convexity of the objective function and suggest a procedure for identifying the optimal solution. Small‐dimensional cases, as well as a limit case in which the number of bases tends to infinity, are solved analytically for arbitrary distributions of demand. For a general case, an approximation is suggested. We show that, in many practical cases, partial pooling is the best strategy, and large proportions of the inventory should be kept at the bases rather than at the depot. The analytical and numerical examples show that complete pooling is obtained only as a limit case in which the transshipment cost tends to infinity. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 64: 3–18, 2017     

基于功能块的分离测试生成

通过扩展电路分离描述模型,提出了一种含三态门结构和时钟线故障的层次测试生成策略,试图探求一种有效的、实用的时序电路测试生成方法。     

把目标威胁纳入性能指标的目标分配方法

武器系统目标分配是作战指挥中的一个重要问题。提出了把目标威胁纳入性能指标,建立在马尔可夫动态系统输入过程最优化基础上的目标分配方法