Electronic warfare in the optical band: Main features,examples and selected measurement data

The paper presents the possibilities of, and methods for, acquiring, analysing and processing optical signals in order to recognise, identify and counteract threats on the contemporary battleground. The main ways electronic warfare is waged in the optical band of the electromagnetic wave spectrum have been formulated, including the acquisition of optical emitter signatures, as well as ultraviolet (UV) and thermal (IR) signatures. The physical parameters and values describing the emission of laser radiation are discussed, including their importance in terms of creating optical signatures. Moreover, it has been shown that in the transformation of optical signals into signatures, only their spectral and temporal parameters can be applied. This was confirmed in experimental part of the paper, which includes our own measurements of spectral and temporal emission characteristics for three types of binocular laser rangefinders. It has been further shown that through simple registration and quick analysis involving comparison of emission time parameters in the case of UV signatures in “solar-blind” band, various events can be identified quickly and faultlessly. The same is true for IR signatures, where the amplitudes of the recorded signal for several wavelengths are compared. This was confirmed experimentally for UV signatures by registering and then analyzing signals from several events during military exercises at a training ground, namely Rocket Propelled Grenade (RPG) launches and explosions after hitting targets, trinitrotoluene (TNT) explosions, firing armour-piercing, fin-stabilised, discarding sabots (APFSDS) or high explosive (HE) projectiles. The final section describes a proposed model database of emitters, created as a result of analysing and transforming the recorded signals into optical signatures.     

Fracture mechanism of a cylindrical shell cut by circumferential detonation collision

The failure mechanism of a cylindrical shell cut into fragments by circumferential detonation collision was experimentally and numerically investigated. A self-designed detonation wave regulator was used to control the detonation and cut the shell. It was found that the self-designed regulator controlled the fragment shape. The macrostructure and micro-characteristics of fragments revealed that shear fracture was a prior mechanism, the shell fractured not only at the position of detonation collision, but the crack also penetrated the shell at the first contact position of the Chapmen-Jouguet (C-J) wave. The effects of groove number and outer layer thickness on the fracture behavior were tested by simulations. When the thickness of the outer layer was 5–18 mm, it has little effect on fragmentation of the shell, and shells all fractured at similar positions. The increase of the groove number reduced the fracture possibility of the first contact position of the C-J wave. When the groove number reached 7 with a 10 mm outer layer (1/4 model), the fracture only occurred at the position of detonation collision and the fragment width rebounded.     

虚拟电流注入法在线补偿转子位置估算误差

旋转高频注入法能估计永磁同步电机零速和低速时的转子位置,但在转子磁极位置解调过程中滤波器的使用会带来较大估算误差。提出虚拟电流注入法来在线补偿转子位置误差,基于估算的转速,构造与负序响应电流同频率的虚拟电流,经过与负序电流完全相同的解调,得到的虚拟电流相位与解调前相位的差值补偿估算的转子位置。分析比较了注入旋转电压导致的实际转速波动和正序响应电流引起的估算转速波动对误差补偿效果的影响,并利用低通滤波器来改善补偿效果。仿真和实验验证了所提方法在电机处于不同状态时对转子位置误差补偿的效果。     

具连续分布滞量的非线性抛物型偏微分方程的振动准则

考虑一类具连续分布滞量的非线性抛物型偏微分方程的振动性,借助Green定理将多维振动问题转化为关于某一类具连续分布滞量的非线性微分不等式的一维问题,给出了该类方程在Robin,Dirichlet边值条件下所有解振动的若干充分判据。所得结论充分地表明,振动是由时滞量引起的。     

连续波对某数字电路的辐照效应实验研究

在GTEM室中用正弦连续波对某导弹装备上的1块数字控制电路进行电磁辐照,在30 V/m的场强下,引入的电磁骚扰还未导致被监测的与非门产生错误反转时,产生控制信号的自激多谐振荡器却受到了严重的电磁干扰。用计算机对此干扰进行仿真分析,并最后提出方波控制信号产生电路的电磁加固措施。     

循环经济与可持续发展

循环经济和知识经济并称为21世纪发展新亮点,也是世纪之交人类社会可持续发展的两大趋势。人类社会在经历了漫长的发展历史之后,正处于一种大量的资源、能量的耗费,大量的废物进入生存环境的状态,自然环境一次又一次向人类敲响警钟。本文试从循环经济这一视角来对其与可持续发展的问题进行探讨。     

带紧扰动的集值(S)_+型映射的拓扑度及其应用

本文利用 Michael 连续选择定理与 F.E Browder 次连续(S)_+型映射度理论相结合的方法,构造了带紧扰动的1.s.c.集值(S)_+型映射的拓扑度,并讨论了作为其应用的不动点与值域问题.     

多频激励微波非线性电路分析及其同伦连续算法

本文分析了微波非线性电路在多频激励下的频域稳态响应,给出了同伦连续这一简单有效的算法,结合实际计算了实例。     

基于结构自整定前馈网络的雷达目标识别研究

概述了基于雷达成像的目标类型识别技术。阐述了多层前向网络的分类特性,提出一种网络结构自整定算法来训练网络,并构造分类器,对基于转台成像实验的雷达目标类型识别问题进行了仿真研究。研究结果表明,经结构自整定算法训练后的前馈网络对成像雷达目标具有较好的推广识别能力,识别率达到９０％。     

地球静止轨道航天器绕飞持续观测任务轨迹规划与控制

针对地球静止轨道(geosynchronous orbit, GEO)航天器的高清观测任务,成像卫星在连续小推力作用下接近GEO航天器,对GEO航天器自然绕飞并以有利的光照条件对其持续观测。针对Clohessy-Wiltshire (CW)方程的偏差问题,通过修正非球形摄动和重力加速度二次长期项偏差对CW方程进行改进,补偿非线性偏差的长期项和主要的摄动项。在轨迹规划问题上,计算绕飞轨迹的初始相位角区间,以保证成像卫星在整个绕飞任务中都能够以良好的观测角观测GEO航天器。基于CW方程和改进的CW方程对成像卫星接近和绕飞GEO航天器全过程进行仿真,基于CW方程的仿真没有达到预期目标;基于改进的CW方程的仿真达到预期目标,全过程所需施加的总速度增量仅为4.67 m/s,工程上具有很强的可行性。