The danger of “hybrid warfare” from a sophisticated adversary: the Russian “hybridity” in the Ukrainian conflict

The term “hybrid warfare” is a new one that the West began to use to explain its failure to cope with asymmetric threats. Focusing on the war on global terrorism, the West temporarily withdrew its attention from traditional adversaries, such as Russia, which has used this gap and has audaciously returned to the stage as a global actor. Until the Russian annexation of the Crimean Peninsula in 2014 and inflaming the Ukrainian crisis, most Western authors attributed “hybrid threats” mostly to non-state actors. But the Ukrainian scenario showed the true face of “hybridity” in the modern battlefield when practised by a powerful state actor. Russian “hybrid warfare” in Ukraine has already been seen as a combination of conventional and unconventional methods, that have been complemented with other instruments of national power – diplomatic, economic and information. The purpose of this article is, through an analysis of the Ukrainian scenario, to demonstrate that although the term “hybrid” is new, the concept itself is old and is a continuation of already seen doctrine from the Cold War era. Although “hybrid threats” can come both from state and non-state actors, the Russian interference in Ukraine is proof that they are especially dangerous for the West if, or when, they are initiated from a traditional, sophisticated adversary that has the capacity to use all forms of warfare.     

Comprehensive approaches,diverse coherences: the different levels of policy coherence in the Dutch 3D approach in Afghanistan

Since 2000, international organisations such as the UN, NATO and the EU, but also countries, have started to apply what has been called the comprehensive approach to crisis management. This article unpacks this comprehensive approach implemented by the Dutch in Uruzgan province, Afghanistan. It first borrows and expands a conceptual framework developed by De Coning and Friis. Subsequently, it maps the different sorts of coherence in the mission by applying the framework. It shows how in practice there was not one single comprehensive approach, but many different forms of interaction between a number of organisational units. Each interaction had its own distinct issues and its own level of coherence. The level of coherence differed depending on the level at which the interaction took place – strategic at headquarters level versus operational at field level – and at what point in the mission it happened – in most cases it moved towards more cohesion.     

对空观察哨情报融合

在得到对空观察哨直接观测信息的基础上,对目标可能航向进行二次外推,并利用效用函数综合评估法对目标相关性进行检验,完成对目标信息的融合,解决了观察哨情报数据关联和航迹外推问题.仿真及试验结果表明该方法用于防空观察哨情报融合是可行的,其结果分析的应用能指导观察哨训练和战时观察哨的配置.     

基于重叠保留法及FFT的伪码快速捕获技术研究

PN码的快速捕获是设计直接序列扩频接收机的关键技术之一。对于无限长的输入序列,采用了基于分段相关的快速捕获算法。分段相关采用重叠保留法,用FFT实现每块的相关运算。在Matlab环境下验证了本算法可以在低信噪比及高动态环境下实现PN码的快速捕获。     

基于关联度的词汇记忆优化算法

近年来,记忆词汇的方法不断涌现,但是这些方法仅仅考虑其中某一方面因素,而非综合考虑多方面因素。鉴于单词间拼写和发音重合度对于词汇记忆的重要性,融合了单词拼写和发音重合度,提出了基于单词间关联度的词汇记忆方法,结合图论知识给出了单词最优记忆回路的近似算法,运用Matlab编程对大学英语四级词汇进行了排序,通过实验和假设检验验证了使用基于单词间关联度的词汇记忆方法的记忆效率明显优于普通方法。     

复杂系统故障安全风险评价方法

复杂系统的安全风险涉及面广、影响因素多,因此需要系统的、可操作的方法来指导安全风险的评价过程。在系统的各类安全风险中,故障安全风险是由各种故障导致系统发生事故的风险,是最常见的系统安全问题,因此针对复杂系统的故障安全风险评价开展研究。复杂系统故障安全风险评价需要明确的评价参数和评价方法的支持,为此提出了复杂系统故障安全风险评价的流程、分层次的评价参数体系及评价方法,并通过示例来具体说明故障安全风险的评价过程,为解决复杂系统的故障安全风险评价问题提出了可行的思路。     

基于高阶累积量的滑动加窗参数型多径时延估计

针对传统方法不适合估计多径时延和难以抑制相关高斯噪声,构造了基于高级累积量的滑动加窗参数估计模型。该模型利用高阶累积量抑制高斯噪声,应用滑动窗充分利用采集数据。通过理论分析和仿真实验表明,该方法能够准确地估计时延,有效地抑制干扰和相关噪声的影响,且在性能估计方面,优于传统基于相关的方法。     

多模型估计的新分支——变结构多模型方法

作为多模型方法的新分支,变结构多模型方法(VSMM)是当前机动目标跟踪、故障诊断等领域中研究的热点.首先简述了VSMM方法的发展过程和近期动态,在对VSMM方法进行深入分析的同时针对其理论核心--模型集自适应(MSA)策略进行讨论;详细介绍了几种现存的典型VSMM算法;同时简述了VSMM方法的应用概况;最后指出了目前VSMM方法重点关注的问题热点和今后的研究领域.     

基于TS201S的分段谱相关算法SSCA的实现

分段谱相关函数算法SSCA(Strip Spectral Correlation Algorithm)是一种实用的高效循环谱估计算法,对循环平稳信号的检测和参数估计的硬件实现具有重要意义。利用信号的循环平稳特性能很好的抑制平稳噪声和干扰,实现低信噪比条件下信号检测与参数估计。文章以SSCA的ADSP TS201S的实现为研究重点,分析了实时运算时各参数的选取依据,讨论了工程实现的难点和解决方案,并给出了程序的优化方案,为循环谱的工程应用打下坚实的基础。     

试论六熟悉与灭火预案及指挥员素质的关系

“六熟悉”、灭火预案和指挥员的素质是取得灭火战斗胜利的三个关键因素,在分析三者之间关系的基础上,指出三者具有同样的作用,不可偏废。否则,将无法取得灭火战斗的胜利。