Explaining the security paradigm shift: strategic culture,epistemic communities,and Israel’s changing national security policy

The paper’s main argument is that Israel’s security policy, which traditionally focused on defending its territorial integrity against regular Arab armed forces, was, by the 2010s, transformed into one that focuses on facing a variety of state- and non-state-based threats. Neo-realist explanations could neither account for the contested nature of the security debate during this period, nor the inconsistent evolution of the policy. The present study aims to solve this conundrum by introducing an alternative approach known as 4th generation strategic culture research. The paper is comprised of four parts. First, the origins and evolution of strategic culture are reviewed, with emphasis placed on the commonly accepted weaknesses that, to date, have prevented it from being used as a testable theoretical concept, and subsequently as an explanatory factor for security policy changes. The second part presents the “modernist constructivism” approach that bridges the gap between traditional constructivism and hypothesis-driven research design. Next, the paper introduces the emerging fourth generation in strategic culture literature, followed by a conceptual framework designed to resolve the inherent weaknesses of the more traditional approaches. Finally, this conceptual framework is applied to analyse the transformation of Israel’s security policy between 1982 and 2014.     

磁隐身坦克的实验设计及性能检测

通过模拟实验,研究了磁隐身坦克的核心元件——同轴密绕消磁线圈的使用性能。实验室对其消磁效应的数据分析表明:同轴密绕消磁线圈能够消除坦克周围因被地磁场磁化而产生的磁场标志,其中近轴区域的消磁效果更为明显;如果在消磁线圈中通入反向电流,消磁物体的磁场反而会增强,呈缓慢磁化的趋势,这与电磁场理论相符。本实验设计的消磁线圈属于一种新功能的电磁装甲,能提高坦克在电磁战中的生存能力。     

GM（1，1）组合优化模型

从影响GM（1，1）模型产生误差的两个主要原因出发，重新选择灰导数，并基于Newton．Cote’s积分公式和相邻最近插值方法构造出GM（1，1）组合模型，提出了求该组合模型参数的计算方法，通过实例验证了组合模型的模拟精度，具有重要的应用价值。