Information disclosure with endogenous channel structure

This article investigates the firms' optimal quality information disclosure strategies in a supply chain, wherein the supplier may encroach into the retail channel to sell products directly to end consumers. We consider two disclosure formats, namely, retailer disclosure (R-C) and supplier disclosure (S-C), and examine the optimal disclosure format from each firm's perspective. We show that either firm prefers to delegate the disclosure option to its partner when the supplier cannot encroach. However, the threat of supplier encroachment dramatically alters the firm's preference of disclosure. The supplier may prefer the S-C format to the R-C format when the entry cost is low and the disclosure cost is high to achieve a higher quality information transparency. Meanwhile, the retailer may prefer the R-C format to the S-C format when the entry cost is intermediate to deter the possible encroachment of the supplier. In this sense, the firms' preferences of disclosure format can be aligned due to the threat of supplier encroachment. The consumer surplus is always higher under the S-C format while either disclosure format can lead to a higher social welfare. We also consider an alternative scenario under which the supplier encroaches after the product quality information is disclosed. An interesting observation appears that the supplier may encroach when the product quality is low but foregoes encroachment when the product quality gets higher.     

浅谈高层建筑竖向疏散通道防排烟问题

烟气毒害是阻碍人员疏散和实施救援行动、致使人员伤亡的主要原因之一,因此,做好高层建筑的防排烟设计,提高防排烟系统的实际效用,有着极其重要的意义。分析了高层建筑防排烟设计的重要性,并以竖向疏散通道防排烟系统设置为例,介绍了高层建筑防排烟设计工作中存在的问题以及相应的改善策略。     

再生冷却通道结构参数对碳氢燃料流量分配影响

以液体火箭发动机再生冷却技术为背景,采用数值模拟方法对Z-type型并联通道流量分配特性进行研究,分析了通道数、通道截面形状及入口汇流结构对流量分配特性的影响。研究结果表明:在冷却通道总流通面积相同的情况下,随着再生冷却系统通道数的增加,流量分配不均匀度系数从2.59%降低至0.5%,相同流通面积下增加通道数可以有效提高流量分配的均匀程度。通道截面形状对流量分配不均匀度系数影响不大,其影响主要表现在通道内部流体速度分布及换热面积上。从换热效果看,梯形截面构型要优于矩形构型。入口汇流结构倾斜角有利于流量的均匀性分布。该研究对于再生冷却通道结构设计具有一定参考价值。     

基于贝叶斯原理的放大转发中继联合信道估计

在贝叶斯原理的框架下,依据放大转发中继联合信道等价于两段瑞利信道相叠加的特征,将其概率密度分布这一先验知识与接收端的训练序列相结合,得到了最小均方和最大后验两种估计方法。由于两种方法的准确贝叶斯CRB难以求解获得闭合表达式,从最大熵原理出发,结合复高斯分布性质,推导了MLE准则下的CRB相对应的近似贝叶斯CRB,以衡量不同方法的估计精度。仿真结果表明相比于原有的MLE方法,最大后验估计方法在低信噪比下性能改善明显。     

关于雷达接收机信道对遥测信号影响的研究

雷达接收机信道对于信号检测是最佳系统,当用其传输遥测信号时,由于信道噪声的影响,使遥测信号码间距发生变化,从而影响遥测信息传输精度。全面分析了雷达信道对遥测信号的影响程度,为消除其影响提供了准确、可靠的理论依据。     

基于FPGA的FC终端协议处理芯片的设计与实现

为满足新一代航空电子系统对光纤通道网络的实际应用,实现FC终端接口板的快速开发,在对光纤通道协议进行深入研究的基础上,提出了一种基于FPGA的FC协议处理芯片的设计方案。对协议处理芯片的功能结构进行研究分析,采用模块化设计思想,对FC帧收发模块、缓冲区流量控制模块、端口状态机以及FC收发通道模块进行详细设计。通过对协议处理芯片的功能测试表明芯片满足高速低功耗的设计要求,该芯片对航空电子系统中光纤通道网络的研究与应用具有一定的借鉴与促进作用。     

****OFDM水声通信自适应调制算法研究

分析预估信道长度对信道估计算法的影响规律,提出了利用水声通信均衡恢复信号统计量对信道估计质量实时评估的方法,通过信道长度自适应修正机制,实现了对未知水声信道高精度、快速估计;针对水声信道造成的OFDM子载波特性差异,基于信道估计结果,提出了在码元总速率、能量约束条件下,各个OFDM子载波局部速率、功率优化分配的自适应调制算法,相比于传统的等功率、速率分配算法,新算法能够显著提升水声通信系统的误码率性能,通过仿真和实地试验,验证了本文研究内容的有效性。     

带限信道中准相干码相关参考波形技术多径抑制性能分析

码相关参考波形(CCRW)技术以其设计灵活、抗多径性能优异等特点成为卫星导航多径抑制研究的热点,但目前相关文献在分析CCRW技术时常假设单边信道带宽无限或远大于扩频码率,且仅研究特定参考波形的性能,缺乏具有工程指导意义的定量结论.根据CCRW技术一般原理,推导了在无限带宽时任意参考波形的鉴别曲线计算公式,给出了满足稳定跟踪的波形约束条件.分析了不同带宽和闸宽参数的W2/W4/W5三类参考波形的准相干多径误差包络性能,仿真表明带限信道中W4、W5波形抗多径性能优于W2波形;以GPS L5和Galileo E5a/E5b的QPSK(10)信号为例进行原理样机试验,结果表明W2、W5算法比窄相关技术的3dB衰减多径误差包络面积减小达63％和72％.结论可用于现代化导航接收机的多径抑制设计.     

一种三维无人机MIMO宽带信道模型

针对无人机环境特点和MIMO天线系统,建立并分析了由直射、反射和散射分量组成的基于圆筒散射三维几何传播模型,根据方位角非全向散射和俯仰角非对称分布的特点,结合无人机实际飞行参数特点,推导出简洁的闭环空时频联合相关函数,通过仿真进行了验证,分析了空时频相关特性的影响因素．     

Supplier‐buyer contracting: Asymmetric cost information and cutoff level policy for buyer participation

We consider the problem of designing a contract to maximize the supplier's profit in a one‐supplier–one‐buyer relationship for a short‐life‐cycle product. Demand for the finished product is stochastic and price‐sensitive, and only its probability distribution is known when the supply contract is written. When the supplier has complete information on the marginal cost of the buyer, we show that several simple contracts can induce the buyer to choose order quantity that attains the single firm profit maximizing solution, resulting in the maximum possible profit for the supplier. When the marginal cost of the buyer is private information, we show that it is no longer possible to achieve the single firm solution. In this case, the optimal order quantity is always smaller while the optimal sale price of the finished product is higher than the single firm solution. The supplier's profit is lowered while that of the buyer is improved. Moreover, a buyer who has a lower marginal cost will extract more profit from the supplier. Under the optimal contract, the supplier employs a cutoff level policy on the buyer's marginal cost to determine whether the buyer should be induced to sign the contract. We characterize the optimal cutoff level and show how it depends on the parameters of the problem. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 48: 41–64, 2001