The structure of the defense industry and the security needs of the country: a differentiated products model

This paper models the interactions between the defense needs of the USA and Western Europe, which produce several heterogeneous defense goods, and the defense industry market structure. The results show that net defense costs of the USA and Europe are lower when the number of defense firms in each arms‐producing country is small and when the world prices of the defense goods are high. The model predicts that the increase in world prices will crowd‐out countries in the developing world from the market for modern weapon systems and may force them to develop and use ‘cheap and dirty’ weapon systems.     

Estimating defence budget saving from disarmament: the United States’ case

Probing the technology in the production of US national defence by using a dynamic cost‐function model with adjustment costs, this paper evaluates the effect of reducing the level of national defence on the defence budget saving. Our inquiry involves estimating the defence production structure without output data for non‐market goods that are normally unavailable. Our findings include: (i) the United States behaves rationally to minimize cost in the production of national defence; (ii) the adjustment costs are larger in disarmament than in military build‐up; (iii) due to the adjustment costs peculiar to disarmament, the defence budget saving from disarmament appears small, but cutbacks allow great savings on the defence budget.     

基于状态的检查与修理综合决策模型

分析了单部件系统退化过程的特点，建立了基于状态的检查与修理决策模型。该模型根据系统的当前状态来决定检查与修理，通过分析计算系统在一个更新周期内平均检查次数、预防性维修及修复性故障的概率，建立维修费用与检查问隔及预防性维修阈值的关系，以平均维修费用最小为目标，优化检查间隔及预防性维修阈值。最后运用Matlab对模型进行数值计算，结果表明，模型能有效地降低维修费用。     

Two‐stage component test plans for testing the reliability of a series system

A system reliability is often evaluated by individual tests of components that constitute the system. These component test plans have advantages over complete system based tests in terms of time and cost. In this paper, we consider the series system with n components, where the lifetime of the i‐th component follows exponential distribution with parameter λ_i. Assuming test costs for the components are different, we develop an efficient algorithm to design a two‐stage component test plan that satisfies the usual probability requirements on the system reliability and in addition minimizes the maximum expected cost. For the case of prior information in the form of upper bounds on λ_i's, we use the genetic algorithm to solve the associated optimization problems which are otherwise difficult to solve using mathematical programming techniques. The two‐stage component test plans are cost effective compared to single‐stage plans developed by Rajgopal and Mazumdar. We demonstrate through several numerical examples that our approach has the potential to reduce the overall testing costs significantly. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 49: 95–116, 2002; DOI 10.1002/nav.1051     

基于神经网络的特征结构提取

本文在详细讨论特征结构提取问题的能量函数表示的基础上,通过对该能量函数表示的适当变换和整理,高阶关联非线性连续时间神经网络被引入到特征结构的提取问题中。这种方法直观、明了,它将所要提取的特征结构与网络稳定时的输出直接对应起来,可对特征结构进行自适应跟踪、估计,这为特征结构的提取提出了一个新的方法。     

带有先验分布的Bayes统计抽样方案费用评价模型

以往在评价和比较几个统计抽样方案时,多从比较分析两种风险率入手,由于这种方法的局限性,往往不能得出满意的结论。本文利用Bayes方法,在给出先验分布及有关损失函数的条件下,从各种抽样方案的平均总损失入手比较几个可选方案的优良性。本文提供的与二项分布相对应的算法具有一般意义。示例所得结果也是令人满意的。     

分段线性凸费用网络流的两个算法

本文讨论了分段线性凸费用网络流问题,推广了线性费用网络流中的负回路方法和最小费用路方法,从而得到了求分段线性凸费用网络的最小费用流的两个算法。     

间歇采样转发假目标对CFAR检测影响分析

分析间歇采样转发形成的假目标干扰对雷达CFAR检测的影响和间歇采样转发假目标生成机理,给出间歇采样转发假目标产生方法。在此基础上,以雷达一次搜索周期内虚警、漏警造成的检测代价作为检测性能指标,分别分析单元平均恒虚警检测器、有序恒虚警检测器、剔除和平均恒虚警检测器在间歇采样转发假目标干扰下的检测代价。着重分析间歇采样转发干扰关键参数对检测代价的影响。仿真结果表明,间歇采样转发产生的多个假目标显著提高了雷达的检测代价,检测代价受转发占空比、转发功率的影响较大,而受转发频率影响较小。在三种恒虚警检测器的对比中,剔除和平均恒虚警检测器相对于另两种检测器的检测代价更大些。     

线性系统测试矩阵优化

研究了工程中常见的线性系统循环指数为1(即其约当标准形不同的约当块不出现重根)的情况下测试矩阵优化的方法.通过将系统矩阵变换为约当标准型,能够简单地判定测试矩阵能否保持系统可观测.采用该方法可以在保持系统可观测的情况下,简单而直观地获取系统测试代价最小的测试策略.例子表明,该算法在工程上易于应用.     

基于逆向分层的工作流时间-费用优化方法

针对效用网格下基于优先级因子的工作流时间-费用优化问题,基于工作流的同步完成特征对任务进行分层并提出三种实时调度算法:基于逆向分层的sufferage(BLSuff)、基于逆向分层的min-min(BLMin)及基于逆向分层的min-max(BLMax)。算法设计基于优先级因子的衡量标准对时间与费用同时进行优化,并为任务设置期望完成时间以达到充分利用费用优化空间进行费用优化的目标。实验结果表明这三种算法在各种优先级因子下都能对工作流的执行时间与执行费用进行较好的优化。