Minimal LST representations of MAP(n)s: Moment fittings and queueing approximations

A Markovian arrival process of order n, MAP(n), is typically described by two n × n transition rate matrices in terms of rate parameters. While it is straightforward and intuitive, the Markovian representation is redundant since the minimal number of parameters is n² for non‐redundant MAP(n). It is well known that the redundancy complicates exact moment fittings. In this article, we present a minimal and unique Laplace‐Stieltjes transform (LST) representations for MAP(n)s. Even though the LST coefficients vector itself is not a minimal representation, we show that the joint LST of stationary intervals can be represented with the minimum number of parameters. We also propose another minimal representation for MAP(3)s based on coefficients of the characteristic polynomial equations of the two transition rate matrices. An exact moment fitting procedure is presented for MAP(3)s based on two proposed minimal representations. We also discuss how MAP(3)/G/1 departure process can be approximated as a MAP(3). A simple tandem queueing network example is presented to show that the MAP(3) performs better than the MAP(2) in queueing approximations especially under moderate traffic intensities. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 549–561, 2016     

基于虚拟样机技术的某型高射机枪惯性子动力学仿真分析

基于机械系统动力学软件ADAMS建立某型高射机枪虚拟样机，并对其进行四连发射击仿真，验证所建虚拟样机的可信性。然后对该高射机枪惯性子和枪机框进行动力学性能分析，实验表明在平射情况下，惯性子对枪机框反跳位移和速度都有一定的抑制作用，惯性子作为防反跳装置有一定效果。     

A generalized model for estimation of aerodynamic forces and moments for irregularly shaped bodies

A novel method for estimation of an aerodynamic force and moment acting on an irregularly shaped body (such as HE projectile fragments) during its flight through the atmosphere is presented. The model assumes that fragments can be approximated with a tri-axial ellipsoid that has continuous surface given as a mathematical function. The model was validated with CFD data for a tri-axial ellipsoid and verified using CFD data on aerodynamic forces and moments acting on an irregularly shaped fragment.The contribution of this method is that it represents a significant step toward a modeling that does not require a cumbersome CFD simulation results for estimation of fragment dynamic and kinematic parameters. Due to this advantage, the model can predict the fragment motion consuming a negligible time when compared to the corresponding time consumed by CFD simulations. Parametric representation (generalization) of the fragment geometrical data and the conditions provides the way to analyze various correlations and how parameters influence the dynamics of the fragment flight.     

金属类MEMS器件可靠性试验技术研究

针对金属类MEMS机构可靠性水平较低且没有标准化的可靠性试验方法的现状,提出将强化试验方法引入金属类MEMS机构的可靠性研究中．确定强化试验的内容为温度循环、随机振动和冲击试验,并分别设计试验剖面．选取MEMS惯性开关作为典型器件开展试验研究,试验结果表明,所设计的可靠性试验能够有效激发MEMS机构的潜在缺陷,温度应力易引起MEMS器件层间产生疲劳效应,而振动和冲击应力则易引发器件结构性损坏;环境应力对MEMS机构具有疲劳累积效应,经历较多试验类型的样本较经历较少试验类型的样本更容易失效;惯性开关的主要失效模式是分层和变形,这2种失效模式在金属类MEMS机构中具有代表性．     

求解武器目标分配问题的改进粒子群算法

在建立多种类型武器目标分配模型的基础上,提出了一种求解该模型的改进粒子群算法。首先,定义粒子聚焦距离变化率,使惯性权重依据聚焦距离变化率自适应调整;其次,采用速度最大值线性递减的策略平衡算法收敛精度与全局寻优能力之间的矛盾;最后,粒子替换策略使算法改善了因自适应惯性权重的引入而造成收敛速度变慢的问题。仿真结果表明,提出模型和算法合理有效,算法收敛快,适合求解各种种群规模的武器目标分配问题。     

浅论高校本科教学中的有效教学与有效学习

高校本科教学中,教学的有效性始终具有三个基本特征,即有效教学策略的多样性,教学结果的有效性在方向与程度方面的差异性,教学结果的有效性不完全为教师所控制。大学有效教学是有组织的教学活动,教学内容适宜于学生并且有价值,教学方法强调师生共同参与,教学效果能促进学生的进步,教师对教学富有热情并且也能从教学中获得发展。同时有效教学也是能促进学生有效学习的教学活动,与有效学习是一体两面。     

舰载预警直升机机载雷达有效探测距离模型

针对机载雷达最大作用距离这一参数,难以满足舰载预警直升机部署决策需求,建立了舰载预警直升机与目标接近到某一相对距离时,机载预警雷达发现目标的概率分布模型,进而给出了对特定目标满足给定发现概率和建航概率的有效探测距离计算模型,为针对不同目标预警时,舰载预警直升机的阵位配置研究提供了可靠依据。     

有效飞机动力学转换对驾驶员诱发振荡影响

有效飞机动力学转换可能会导致人机闭环失稳,在特定条件下会引起驾驶员诱发振荡。针对此问题,分析了致使驾驶员诱发振荡发生的主要因素,构建了人机闭环系统模型,推导了人机闭环系统失稳数学模型。研究了引起有效飞机动力学转换的可能因素,并运用时域和频域分析技术对有效飞机动力学转换所产生的影响进行了分析。案例研究表明:有效飞机动力学转换后,在特定条件下可引发驾驶员诱发振荡,但由此引起的驾驶员诱发振荡可以采用相关方法进行抑制。在恰当的抑制方法作用下,由有效飞机动力学转换引发的驾驶员诱发振荡不会产生灾难性的后果。     

基于矩特征的ISAR干扰效果评估方法

由于逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR)是一种新体制雷达,一些用于评估常规体制雷达干扰效果的方法和手段对于ISAR来说并不适用。综合考虑雷达干扰的原理和图像处理的理论,从ISAR目标识别的角度出发,提出了一种新的对ISAR压制干扰效果的评估方法,即采用干扰前后ISAR目标识别特征中矩的变化来定量评估干扰效果,仿真结果表明了评估方法的正确性和有效性。     

夺占小型岛屿作战综合登陆舰编队展开点选择优化模型

针对综合登陆舰编队夺占小型岛屿作战中的威胁特点,确定了岸基航空兵对综合登陆舰的有效掩护区,建立了综合登陆舰展开点选择的优化模型,并给出了简单方便的图上作业法,为合理确定综合登陆舰的展开点提供了方法和依据。