抢险救援指挥实践教学研究

加强实践教学是满足消防部队职能拓展和提高消防部队抢险救援作战能力的重要途径。根据抢险救援指挥与技术专业课程的特点,从开展实践教学的现实意义出发,进行了分层次、多样化的实践教学方法和手段的研究,以培养学员对知识理解、应用能力和创新能力的培养,实现抢险救援指挥与技术专业应用型人才培养的目标。     

案例教学在《化学事故应急救援》课程中的应用

案例教学首先要了解“案例教学法”的含义及特点,在此基础上介绍《化学事故应急救援》的课程特点,并就该课程案例教学实施过程中案例的选取、课堂案例讨论、案例总结与评价等问题进行分析,最后对案例教学实施中应注意的问题提出三点意见。     

舰舰协同防空的舰空导弹杀伤区分析

针对舰艇编队协同防空时的耦合杀伤区形状及纵深等问题进行了研究,以定量地对编队耦合杀伤区进行简化描述。分析了单舰对典型目标的杀伤区特性,探讨了舰艇编队的典型防空队形,研究了纵向上递阶多层次、横向上同阶耦合的"递阶封闭圈原理"。以一阶耦合杀伤区为重点,依据攻击目标的不同,将其分成相对航路捷径为零和相对航路捷径均非零两类情况建立了耦合杀伤区纵深的计算模型,并扩展到了高阶耦合的情况。研究了耦合杀伤区与舰舰间距和来袭目标进攻舷角等参数的相互关系以及灵敏度。结果表明建立的模型符合实际,具有一定的指导意义。     

Effects of nano-sized aluminum on detonation characteristics and metal acceleration for RDX-based aluminized explosive

Nano-sized aluminum(Nano-Al)powders hold promise in enhancing the total energy of explosives and the metal acceleration ability at the same time.However,the near-detonation zone effects of reaction between Nano-Al with detonation products remain unclear.In this study,the overall reaction process of 170 nm Al with RDX explosive and its effect on detonation characteristics,detonation reaction zone,and the metal acceleration ability were comprehensively investigated through a variety of experiments such as the detonation velocity test,detonation pressure test,explosive/window interface velocity test and confined plate push test using high-resolution laser interferometry.Lithium fluoride(LiF),which has an inert behavior during the explosion,was used as a control to compare the contribution of the reaction of aluminum.A thermochemical approach that took into account the reactivity of aluminum and ensuing detonation products was adopted to calculate the additional energy release by afterburn.Combining the numerical simulations based on the calculated afterburn energy and experimental results,the param-eters in the detonation equation of state describing the Nano-Al reaction characteristics were calibrated.This study found that when the 170 nm Al content is from 0％to 15％,every 5％increase of aluminum resulted in about a 1.3％decrease in detonation velocity.Manganin pressure gauge measurement showed no significant enhancement in detonation pressure.The detonation reaction time and reaction zone length of RDX/Al/wax/80/15/5 explosive is 64 ns and 0.47 mm,which is respectively 14％and 8％higher than that of RDX/wax/95/5 explosive(57 ns and 0.39 mm).Explosive/window interface velocity curves show that 170 nm Al mainly reacted with the RDX detonation products after the detonation front.For the recording time of about 10 μs throughout the plate push test duration,the maximum plate velocity and plate acceleration time accelerated by RDX/Al/wax/80/15/5 explosive is 12％and 2.9 μs higher than that of RDX/LiF/wax/80/15/5,respectively,indicating that the aluminum reaction energy significantly increased the metal acceleration time and ability of the explosive.Numerical simulations with JWLM explosive equation of state show that when the detonation products expanded to 2 times the initial volume,over 80％of the aluminum had reacted,implying very high reactivity.These results are significant in attaining a clear understanding of the reaction mechanism of Nano-Al in the development of aluminized explosives.     

关于消防部队建立医疗救护体系的几点思考

如何建立消防医疗救护体系,充分发挥消防部队在医疗救护中的作用,是当前和今后一个时期消防部队建设的一个重要课题。针对消防部队在抢险救援过程中医疗救护这一薄弱环节,阐述了消防部队掌握医疗救护知识的重要性,并结合消防部队的特点提出了建立医疗救护体系的意见。     

抢险救援社会化进程中加减乘除法则探析

以抢险救援过程中面临的各种问题为出发点,以部分国家的抢险救援体系为参照,就增强战斗力、减少盲目性、整合各方资源、完善法制保障等四方面提出了应对和改进措施。     

防空目标分配中雷达遮蔽区问题研究

目标分配是防空指挥控制的主要任务,而目标相对于防空导弹火力单元的遮蔽判断是目标分配必须考虑的重要因素。分析了目标遮蔽区的判断条件,推导出目标在遮蔽区飞行时间的计算方法,提出了一种快速表示遮蔽区域图的离散处理方法,并研究了考虑目标遮蔽区影响的目标分配问题。通过实例计算,验证了目标遮蔽计算判断和分配方法的合理性,研究结果对实时指挥控制有应用价值。     

抗滑短桩与桩周土共同作用的探讨

根据某工程的应力监测结果和ANSYS计算结果,就抗滑短桩与桩周土共同作用进行探讨,得出了两点认识：第一,考虑桩土接触带贡献作用和桩-土共同工作是更趋于实际情况的,也是更经济合理的;考虑比不考虑桩土接触带的贡献,作用在抗滑短桩上的剩余水平下滑力约小10%。第二,接触带采用合适的弹性模量和厚度进行计算的结果与监测结果相当接近(相差≯5%)。     

液化石油气火灾的预防及扑救

在分析液化石油气的组成成份及其理化性质的基础上,针对液化石油气的火灾危险性及火灾特点,提出了防火防爆及火灾扑救措施.     

固体火箭发动机复合材料壳体裙黏接性能分析

采用数值计算方法研究复合材料壳体裙连接结构的黏接性能。通过建立纤维缠绕壳体的有限元模型,采用内聚力模型定义裙黏接面的接触关系,引入黏接界面的损伤失效准则,模拟黏接界面的脱黏行为,以此预测裙连接结构的极限承载。同时,研究壳体的轴向和环向应变及黏接面上的剪应力分布情况,以及弹性层的弹性模量与黏接长度对黏接性能的影响。数值算例表明,计算结果与实验数据相吻合,验证了该方法的正确性。所提方法可用于裙连接结构的优化设计中。