逆系统空空导弹控制器设计(英文)

利用非线性控制的逆系统方法,设计了导弹质心运动动力学系统的控制器。该控制器通过对弹道坐标系下导弹的切向过载和法向过载的控制,使导弹在控制系统中的速度、弹道倾角和弹道偏角输出信息渐近跟踪制导指令,以实现空空导弹对攻击目标的打击。仿真结果表明,导弹的质心运动参数以较高的精度快速跟踪制导指令,系统性能良好。     

重力势能锁止型外骨骼设计及其效能评价

现存的被动式外骨骼存在助力效果不明显等缺陷。基于人体步态特征,提出了将人体行走过程中的重力势能转化为人体抬腿过程中动能的原理,通过弹簧、曲柄滑块机构、棘轮棘爪机构以及链传动机构的组合,设计了一款被动式下肢机械外骨骼,并通过外骨骼动力学分析和生理消耗指数实验测试的方法进行了外骨骼性能评价。动力学分析结果表明,穿戴外骨骼后髋关节峰力矩总量降低了23.43%,髋关节做功总量降低了30.59%,初步验证了外骨骼的有效性。生理消耗指数实验测试结果表明, 穿戴外骨骼对于短距离动作转换未产生显著效果,但在长距离行走和上坡行走中分别降低了8.1%和10.4%的能量消耗。因此,该下肢外骨骼助力性能得到了验证,为相关领域的研究提供了实例化参考。     

Mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of pristine andfunctionalized carbon nanotube reinforced metallic glass composites:A molecular dynamics approach

This work uses the molecular dynamics approach to study the effects of functionalization of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the mechanical properties of Cu64Zr36 metallic glass (MG). Three types of functional groups, carboxylic, vinyl and ester were used. The effect of CNT volume fraction (Vf) and the number of functional groups attached to CNT, on the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of CNT-MG composites was analysed using Biovia Materials Studio. At lower values of Vf (from 0 to 5％), the per-centage increase in Young's modulus was approximately 66％. As the value of Vf was increased further (from 5 to 12％), the rate of increase in Young's modulus was reduced to 16％. The thermal conductivity was found to increase from 1.52 W/mK at Vf=0％to 5.88 W/mK at Vf=12％, thus giving an increase of approximately 286％. Functionalization of SWCNT reduced the thermal conductivity of the SWCNT-MG composites.     

Field test and probabilistic analysis of irregular steel debris casualty risks from a person-borne improvised explosive device

Person-borne improvised explosive devices (PBIEDs) are often used in terrorist attacks in Western countries. This study aims to predict the trajectories of PBIED fragments and the subsequent safety risks for people exposed to this hazard. An explosive field test with a typical PBIED composed of a plastic explosive charge and steel nut enhancements was performed to record initial fragment behaviour, including positions, velocity, and trajectory angles. These data were used to predict the full trajectory of PBIED fragments using a probabilistic analysis. In the probabilistic analyses a probability of fatality or serious injury was computed. Based on the results presented, many practical conclusions can be drawn, for instance, regarding safe evacuation distances if a person were exposed to a suspected PBIED.     

TERRORIST THREATS AND TRANSITIONAL DYNAMICS IN AN OVERLAPPING GENERATIONS MODEL

Previous research has shown that the duration of a civil war is in part a function of how it ends: in government victory, rebel victory, or negotiated settlement. We present a model of how protagonists in a civil war choose to stop fighting. Hypotheses derived from this theory relate the duration of a civil war to its outcome as well as characteristics of the civil war and the civil war nation. Findings from a competing risk model reveal that the effects of predictors on duration vary according to whether the conflict ended in government victory, rebel victory, or negotiated settlement.     

Countering the effects of IED systems in Afghanistan: an integral approach

The current approach to countering the threat of improvised explosive devices (IEDs) in Afghanistan has met with limited success. The relative lack of success may be in part because the current approach is not holistic and discounts the social systems that foster the IEDs. Insurgents are using IEDs as a tool to further their strategic aims, but the coalition and to a lesser extent the Government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (GIRoA) are attacking the IEDs as if they are an end in and of themselves. Combining network disruption with information change maximizes the opportunities for mitigating the IED threat. More specifically, to mitigate the IED threat requires disrupting the social and economic systems associated with IEDs, and at the same time providing alternative economic opportunities and improving rule of law and governance at the local level. In other words, counter-IED (C-IED) must be Counter-Insurgency (COIN) centric to be successful. This paper reviews the current state of C-IED efforts, identifies five main problems with the current approach, and suggests changes to reduce or mitigate the IED threat in Afghanistan.     

利用网络动力学评估复杂社会网络知识传播性能

为了对复杂社会网络知识传播性能进行评估,提出了利用复杂网络动力学和知识传播指数相结合的评估模型,该模型综合考虑了网络的拓扑特性、个人的知识普及能力和对知识的感兴趣程度,通过网络知识传播指数阈值的大小来衡量网络的知识传播性能.通过仿真发现,知识在社会网络中的传播对均匀网络平均度值和无标度网络初始传播节点度值的依赖性小,对知识传播指数的依赖性大;在相同条件限制下,无标度社会网络的知识传播性能要高于平均度值相等的均匀社会网络.     

命中角对防护结构口部爆炸毁伤影响的数值分析

为研究装药命中角对防护结构口部爆炸毁伤的影响规律,对直墙拱结构进行了一系列爆炸模拟分析,得到了直墙拱结构拱顶、拱脚和直墙底3个位置的爆炸应力和位移时程曲线。通过分析这3个位置的应力峰值和位移峰值,发现随着装药命中角的增大,拱顶处竖直方向荷载减小,而拱脚处水平方向荷载增大;随着装药命中角的增大,拱顶处竖直方向位移变形减小,而拱脚处水平方向位移变形增大。模拟分析得到的命中角对防护结构口部爆炸毁伤的影响规律,可供防护工程设计时参考。     

基于系统动力学的工程项目目标控制

针对工程项目目标控制问题,通过德尔菲法确定工程项目目标控制的主要影响因素,基于系统动力学反馈与仿真分析理论建立了工程项目目标控制系统动力学模型。采用专家打分法确定参数,利用Vensim软件对模型进行模拟演化和算例分析,讨论不同策略和策略组合的工程项目目标控制效果,最终得到基于算例工程的理想方案为0时增加人工8人,0时加班1 d,管理费水平为3。采用该方案,该工程的完工时间提前47.2%,质量下降2.0%,费用上升6.7%。通过不同策略和策略组合的效果比较,得出结论：加班宜尽量少用,尤其要避免连续加班;尽量避免无效管理费用支出,但对于可以带来管理水平提高的管理费用支出宜适量增加;增加人工越早越好。     

Study of nano-nitramine explosives: preparation,sensitivity and application

Nano-nitramine explosives (RDX, HMX, CL-20) are produced on a bi-directional grinding mill. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations show that the prepared particles are semi-spherical, and the narrow size distributions are characterized using the laser particle size analyzer. Compared with the micron-sized samples, the nano-products show obvious decrease in friction and impact sensitivities. In the case of shock sensitivities, nano-products have lower values by 59.9% (RDX), 56.4% (HMX), and 58.1% (CL-20), respectively. When nano-RDX and nano-HMX are used in plastic bonded explosives (PBX) as alternative materials of micron-sized particles, their shock sensitivities are significantly decreased by 24.5% (RDX) and 22.9% (HMX), and their detonation velocities are increased by about 1.7%. Therefore, it is expected to promote the application of nano-nitramine explosives in PBXs and composite modified double-based propellants (CMDBs) so that some of their properties would be improved.