爆炸危险环境建筑物防雷设施选择及布置

爆炸危险环境建筑物防雷由于其“特殊性”倍受电气工程技术人员关注。结合相关雷电理论，从接闪器、引下线、接地装置几个方面对爆炸危险环境建筑物防雷设施选择和布置进行了论述。     

球头弹低速斜侵彻下薄板穿甲破坏机理研究

为探讨球头弹低速斜侵彻下靶板的破坏机理,通过系列弹道试验,对比分析了不同初始速度下弹体的变形,靶板的破坏模式,以及靶板的破口大小及形状；同时采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA对弹靶作用过程进行了数值模拟。结果表明：低速斜侵彻下靶板响应非完全对称,根据受力特征可将靶板划分为四个不同区域,即接触区,弯曲区,拉伸区和对称区；薄板的穿甲破坏可分为四个不同的阶段,即隆起变形,碟形变形,弯曲变形,弹体贯穿阶段；不同初始速度下靶板出现四种典型的穿甲破坏模式,随着初始速度的增加依次为隆起—碟形变形,隆起—碟形变形—拉弯撕裂破坏,隆起—碟形变形—拉弯剪切破坏,隆起—拉弯剪切破坏。斜侵彻下靶板破口形状为椭圆形,随着初始速度的增加,破口长径不断减小,形状由椭圆形向卵形过渡。     

球头弹低速斜侵彻下靶板穿甲破坏机理

为探讨球头弹低速斜侵彻下靶板的破坏机理,通过系列弹道试验,对比分析不同初始速度下弹体的变形、靶板的破坏模式以及靶板的破口大小和形状;同时采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA对弹靶作用过程进行数值模拟。结果表明:低速斜侵彻下靶板响应非完全对称,根据受力特征可将靶板划分为四个不同区域,即接触区、弯曲区、拉伸区、对称区;薄板的穿甲破坏可分为四个不同的阶段,即隆起变形、碟形变形、弯曲变形、弹体贯穿阶段;不同初始速度下靶板出现四种典型的穿甲破坏模式,随着初始速度的增加依次为隆起—碟形变形、隆起—碟形变形—拉弯撕裂破坏、隆起—碟形变形—拉弯剪切破坏、隆起—拉弯剪切破坏。斜侵彻下靶板破口形状为椭圆形,随着初始速度的增加,破口长径不断减小,形状由椭圆形向卵形过渡。     

弹药木质包装抗冲击振动防护性能的测试研究

各种形式的冲击和振动构成了弹药储运的动态力学环境,它是造成包装破损、弹药零部件损坏和其他质量问题的主因。通过设计实施部分模拟试验并分析冲击和振动响应输出,测试研究了现役木质弹药包装在内置缓冲材料前后的抗冲击振动性能。     

Prediction of concentration of toxic gases produced by detonation of commercial explosives by thermochemical equilibrium calculations

An adverse effect resulting from explosive mine blasts is the production of toxic nitrogen oxides (NO and NO₂) and carbon monoxide (CO). The empirical measurements of the concentration of toxic gases showed that it depends not only on the composition of an explosive and properties of its ingredients but also on several other parameters, such as volume of blasting chamber, explosive charge mass and design, confinement characteristics, surrounding atmosphere, etc. That explains why measured concentrations of toxic gases reported in literature significantly differ.In this paper, we discuss the possibility of theoretical prediction of the concentration of toxic gases by thermochemical equilibrium calculation applying two models: ideal detonation model and deflagration model. It can be demonstrated that thermochemical calculations can provide a good estimation of the measured concentrations and reproduce experimentally obtained effects of additives on the production of toxic gases. It was also found that the ideal detonation model applies to heavily confined explosive charges, while the deflagration model is more suitable for low detonation velocity explosives with light confinement.     

FAE野外空中爆炸效应实验研究及其一次起爆机理探讨

野外进行1．8kg的FAE静爆实验,采用不同配方的纯固态燃料和液一固混合燃料与等质量的TNT对比分析。实验结果表明,FAE的爆炸效果明显优于等质量的TNT,而纯固态FAE爆炸性能强于液一固混合FAE;FAE爆炸后测到的超压分布呈现单调减趋势,这是由于测量点都分布在云爆区范围之外;FAE的云雾分散效果优于等质量的TNT装药,火焰持续时间也长。通过高速摄影图片看出,合适配方的纯固态无约束的FAE弹体火球的持续时间与有约束的液一固混合FAE弹体相当。分析了纯固态FAE爆炸后超压峰值时刻与火球最大直径时刻不同步的原因,探讨了纯固态FAE一次起爆机理。     

穿甲子弹偏心入射陶瓷/钢复合靶板试验

设计并进行了7.62mm穿甲子弹侵彻陶瓷/低碳钢复合靶板的弹道试验,得到了极限速度及陶瓷锥底部半径等数据。分析了锥底半径与入射速度、面板及背板厚度的关系,着重分析了偏心入射时靶板的抗弹机理。结果表明:陶瓷锥可分为破碎区和粉碎区,粉碎区半径约为面板厚度与弹丸半径之和;当弹着点距离陶瓷面板边缘大于5mm时,靶板的抗弹性能变化不大,而弹着点位于距陶瓷面板边缘小于5mm的板边区时,抗弹性能明显降低,靶板的有效防护面积应扣除板边区。     

重大易燃易爆物质泄漏的危害及应急对策

针对重大易燃易爆物质泄漏后所表现出来的易燃易爆性、对周围的人员和空气、水土等环境资源的严重破坏性,分析了易燃易爆物质泄漏的原因,并有针对性的从划定警戒区、查找泄漏点、堵漏、泄漏物质的浓度监测、排除火险因素、安全疏散、个人防护等方面提出了应急处置对策。     

Research on the fracture behavior of PBX under static tension

The fracture behavior of polymer-bonded explosive (PBX) seriously affects the safety and reliability of weapon system. The effects of interface debonding and initial meso-damage on the fracture behavior of PBX under quasi-static tension are studied using numerical method. A two-dimensional representative volume element (RVE) is established based on Voronoi model in which the component contents could be regulated and the particles are randomly distributed. A nonlinear damage model of polymer matrix relative to matrix depth between particles is constructed. The results show that the simulated strain-stress relation is coincident with experiment data. It is found that interface debonding leads to the nucleation and propagation of meso-cracks, and a main crack approximately perpendicular to the loading direction is generated finally. The interface debonding tends to occur in the interface perpendicular to the loading direction. There seems to be a phenomenon that strain softening and hardening alternatively appear around peak stress of stress and strain curve. It is shown that the initial damages of intragranular and interfacial cracks both decrease the modulus and failure stress, and the main crack tends to propagate toward the initial meso-cracks.     

球形破片侵彻明胶运动模型及破片参数敏感性分析

为揭示球形破片对人体组织致伤机理,以明胶作为人体组织的替代物,基于动态空腔膨胀理论,考虑球形破片未完全侵入阶段的速度衰减,建立了球形破片侵彻明胶的分段运动理论模型,研究了球形破片侵彻明胶的运动规律。通过钢球和钨球侵彻明胶的实验验证了模型的正确性,求解了模型中的最优阻力系数。分析了理论计算过程中的误差来源,并推导得到了无量纲侵彻深度的表达式。利用Sobol′法进行了球形破片参数(直径、密度和速度)对侵彻深度影响的敏感性分析。结果表明：运动模型能够较好地模拟球形破片的运动规律;低密度的球形破片在未完全侵入阶段的速度衰减不能忽略;球形破片参数对侵彻深度影响的敏感性由高到低依次是速度、密度和直径。