穿甲子弹偏心入射陶瓷/钢复合靶板试验

设计并进行了7.62mm穿甲子弹侵彻陶瓷/低碳钢复合靶板的弹道试验,得到了极限速度及陶瓷锥底部半径等数据。分析了锥底半径与入射速度、面板及背板厚度的关系,着重分析了偏心入射时靶板的抗弹机理。结果表明:陶瓷锥可分为破碎区和粉碎区,粉碎区半径约为面板厚度与弹丸半径之和;当弹着点距离陶瓷面板边缘大于5mm时,靶板的抗弹性能变化不大,而弹着点位于距陶瓷面板边缘小于5mm的板边区时,抗弹性能明显降低,靶板的有效防护面积应扣除板边区。     

重大易燃易爆物质泄漏的危害及应急对策

针对重大易燃易爆物质泄漏后所表现出来的易燃易爆性、对周围的人员和空气、水土等环境资源的严重破坏性,分析了易燃易爆物质泄漏的原因,并有针对性的从划定警戒区、查找泄漏点、堵漏、泄漏物质的浓度监测、排除火险因素、安全疏散、个人防护等方面提出了应急处置对策。     

Research on the fracture behavior of PBX under static tension

The fracture behavior of polymer-bonded explosive (PBX) seriously affects the safety and reliability of weapon system. The effects of interface debonding and initial meso-damage on the fracture behavior of PBX under quasi-static tension are studied using numerical method. A two-dimensional representative volume element (RVE) is established based on Voronoi model in which the component contents could be regulated and the particles are randomly distributed. A nonlinear damage model of polymer matrix relative to matrix depth between particles is constructed. The results show that the simulated strain-stress relation is coincident with experiment data. It is found that interface debonding leads to the nucleation and propagation of meso-cracks, and a main crack approximately perpendicular to the loading direction is generated finally. The interface debonding tends to occur in the interface perpendicular to the loading direction. There seems to be a phenomenon that strain softening and hardening alternatively appear around peak stress of stress and strain curve. It is shown that the initial damages of intragranular and interfacial cracks both decrease the modulus and failure stress, and the main crack tends to propagate toward the initial meso-cracks.     

球形破片侵彻明胶运动模型及破片参数敏感性分析

为揭示球形破片对人体组织致伤机理,以明胶作为人体组织的替代物,基于动态空腔膨胀理论,考虑球形破片未完全侵入阶段的速度衰减,建立了球形破片侵彻明胶的分段运动理论模型,研究了球形破片侵彻明胶的运动规律。通过钢球和钨球侵彻明胶的实验验证了模型的正确性,求解了模型中的最优阻力系数。分析了理论计算过程中的误差来源,并推导得到了无量纲侵彻深度的表达式。利用Sobol′法进行了球形破片参数(直径、密度和速度)对侵彻深度影响的敏感性分析。结果表明：运动模型能够较好地模拟球形破片的运动规律;低密度的球形破片在未完全侵入阶段的速度衰减不能忽略;球形破片参数对侵彻深度影响的敏感性由高到低依次是速度、密度和直径。     

Research on the intermediate phase of 40CrMnSiB steel shell under different heat treatments

In this study, 40CrMnSiB steel cylindrical shells were tempered at 350, 500 and 600 ℃ to study the effect of tempering temperature on the dynamic process of expansion and fracture of the metal shell. A mid-explosion recovery experiment for the metal cylinder under internal explosive loading was designed, and the wreckage of the casings at the intermediate phase was obtained. The effects of different tempering temperatures on the macroscopic and microscopic fracture characteristics of 40CrMnSiB steel were studied. The influence of tempering temperatures on the fracture characteristic parameters of the recovered wreckage were measured and analyzed, including the circumferential divide size, the thick-ness and the number of the circumferential divisions. The results show that as the tempering temper-ature was increased from 350 to 600 ℃, at first, the degree of fragmentation and the fracture characteristic parameters of the recovered wreckage changed significantly and then became essentially consistent. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed flow-like structure characteristics caused by adiabatic shear on different fracture surfaces. At the detonation initiation end of the casing, fracturing was formed by tearing along the crack, which existed a distance from the initiation end and propagated along the axis direction. In contrast, the fracturing near the middle position consists of a plurality of radial shear fracture units. The amount of alloy carbide that was precipitated during the tempering process increased continuously with tempering temperature, leading to an increasing number of spherical carbide particles scattered around the fracture surface.     

钢—混凝土复合爆炸容器内爆响应数值模拟

应用动力有限元方法模拟了轴对称椭球顶圆柱密闭式抗爆容器内部爆炸流场,并对钢衬-混凝土复合容器壁的应力应变响应进行了数值模拟分析.分析结果显示:钢衬层应力波动的低、高频两部分分别起因于压力波的反复作用及钢衬结构的本征振动,二次波对容器顶部的作用很重要,并由此对混凝土的塑性及损伤的时空分布产生重要影响.数值模拟结果与实验结果一致.     

微结构连续损伤理论

本文从微结构理论出发,用相对变形描述微结构之间的微空隙和微裂纹引起的材料损伤的影响,得到用损伤张量描述的各向异性损伤的微结构连续损伤力学理论。该微结构损伤模型可化简为目前公认的几种主要损伤模型:如J.P. Cordebojs和F. Sidoroff的弹性各向异性损伤模型,D. Krajcino-vic和G.U.Fonseka的脆性材料平面裂纹损伤模型,J. Lemaitre的各向同性损伤理论及Kachanov的以面积减少为变量的损伤模型等。作者运用这一理论对混凝土材料的单向拉、压基本受载情形进行了数值分析,并与D. Krajcinovic的损伤模型计算结果及实验结果作了比较,所得结果与实验值比较吻合,特别是在失稳后阶段给出了较好描述,初步表明了本理论的有效性和实用性。     

电感储能高功率微波系统的数值模拟

介绍了REFORM程序,使用等效电路模型,研究了电感储能驱动高功率微波系统的性能问题。电路中考虑了初级能源,脉冲变压器,电爆炸丝切断开关,同轴传输线,火花隙陡化开关,以及微波二极管负载等。由模拟结果得到了一些有用的结论,即通过电路参数优化可以提高整个系统的效率,进而验证电感储能高功率微波系统方案的可行性。     

亚麻纺织生产爆炸火灾初探

从亚麻纺织生产爆炸火灾的危害入手,通过对亚麻粉尘特性的研究,分析制定预防爆炸和减少火灾损失的对策.     

易燃易爆危险化学品企业防雷设计

雷电严重威胁易燃易爆危险化学品企业的安全生产,因此加强该类企业的雷电防护工作十分重要。分析了易燃易爆危险化学品企业环境及雷击火灾隐患特点,对易燃易爆危险化学品企业建（构）筑物、露天装置区、供配电系统、电子信息系统的防雷设计进行了探析。