电爆炸切断开关的实验研究

电感储能系统中的关键技术是切断开关技术,本文论述了导体的电爆炸机制,以及作为切断开关爆炸导体参数选取的经验公式,并设计了一种爆炸导体切断开关的装置结构,在实验中取得了较好的结果。通过调节导体参数,可得到脉宽２８０ｎｓ,电压增益达到十几倍的高功率脉冲信号,其结果对我们通过用虚阴极二极管等器件作负载来产生高功率微波有重要的意义。     

新型SRD软开关功率电路分析与仿真

针对开关磁阻电机调速系统(SRD)电磁干扰及开关损耗大的问题,提出了一种新型并联谐振软开关变换器的电路拓扑。通过在传统公共逆变桥的各相开关上并联一个缓冲电容,并在直流母线上加入一个由两个电感与一个电容为主要组成元件的谐振环节,实现对所有功率开关和谐振开关的软动作。此电路没有采用电感与分压电容中性点连接方式,故不会因中性点电位变化而影响系统可靠性。理论分析及MATLAB仿真结果表明:该电路具有控制简单,母线电压过渡速度快,谐振元件参数小,功率损耗小等特点。     

高功率微波车辆迫停的效应机理分析

通过分析车辆电子控制单元输出的点火开关和燃油喷射信号波形在高功率微波辐射条件下的演变过程，阐明了高功率微波致使车辆发动机熄火的原因。研究结果表明，电子控制单元受到微波辐射扰乱后，点火开关信号发生意外丢失，燃油喷射信号脉冲重复周期迅速缩短，造成发动机气缸内喷入过量燃油，火花塞无法点燃油气混合物，迫使发动机转速下降甚至熄火。通过分析车辆发动机的点火系统工作原理，提出了根据监测车体辐射电磁信号获取车辆易受攻击的敏感频段的试验思路。     

电感储能电源余能回收对轨道炮特性影响分析

对剩余能量进行回收并重复利用有利于提高电感储能脉冲电源驱动电磁发射系统的能量利用效率,剩余能量回收的快慢将直接影响电磁发射系统的发射性能。在电感储能脉冲电源的基础上引入剩余能量快速回收单元可以实现剩余能量快速回收。为研究带有剩余能量回收单元的改进电路对连续电磁发射系统产生的影响,分阶段对改进电路的放电过程进行分析,对一个12模块的增强型轨道炮系统进行建模仿真,并与改进前的电路进行对比分析,进而得到改进电路驱动电磁发射系统的输出特性和发射优点。     

光导开关高功率微波发生器

本文介绍半导体光导开关和光触发微波发生器工作原理,以“激光腔镜兼作GaAs光导开关”为例,讨论使微波发生器小型化的措施 综述缩减整机尺寸、研制便携型高功率微波发生器的技术进展。     

PSpice模型用于电爆炸丝的数值模拟

根据细铜丝通过大电流时发生爆炸而导致电阻率的急剧变化的实验数据,建立了其PSpcie电路模型。然后将这个模型应用于一个含电爆炸丝断路开关的电感储能脉冲功率电路,以探讨电爆炸丝的参数选择对脉冲功率调制系统的影响。研究表明电爆炸丝长度主要控制电流切断的效果,而电爆炸丝的根数或截面积主要控制电爆炸丝切断的时刻,并且初始电压愈大,切断愈迅速,在负载上获得更高的电压。这些结论可以较好地解释实验结果。     

微波武器

据外刊报道,美国海军在海湾战争中首次使用的试验性高功率微波弹头,以普通炸药为能源,将炸药能量转换成微波能量,用于干扰破坏伊拉克防空系统的电子设备和指挥控制中心的非加固电路,取得了预期的效果。英国正在研制的微波炸弹,据称能烧毁某一区域内的电脑电路和电话线路,爆炸时释放的大规模无线电脉冲还能扰乱人的大脑神经系统,从而使人     

高功率微波弹的杀伤效果分析与仿真

根据高功率微波弹微波脉冲的攻击入射角,给出了高功率微波弹杀伤区域模型,结合高功率微波损坏和干扰电子元器件的能量阈值,提出了高功率微波弹对目标的失效区、干扰区及安全区的概念,并建立相应的数学模型进行了仿真分析,为高功率微波弹攻击参数的设定及实际的作战运用提供了理论依据。     

低温等离子体用于高功率微波防护研究

等离子体对于高功率微波的攻击具有独特的防护效果。基于等离子体流体近似方法,利用COMSOL软件研究了高功率微波与柱状等离子体阵列相互作用过程中入射电场随时间的演变过程,分析了等离子体防护高功率微波的物理过程和作用机理。研究结果表明,入射的高功率微波会使等离子体参数发生剧烈变化,特别是其电子密度将急剧增加,从而使等离子体对入射的高功率微波表现出类似金属的电磁特性,最终实现对入射高功率微波的有效防护。此外,利用高频辉光放电产生柱状等离子体阵列,通过实验验证了等离子体对高功率微波的防护作用。最后,总结了基于等离子体的高功率微波防护技术需解决的主要问题。     

新型爆磁压缩脉冲功率调制电路

爆磁压缩发生器一般具有较低阻抗,在驱动较高阻抗负载时需要脉冲功率调制电路。传统的脉冲功率调制电路需要脉冲变压器,体积庞大,若其后再采用传输线作中间电容储能,尽管输出波形有改善,但体积更大。提出一种无需脉冲变压器,把传输线当作电感储能元件的功率调制电路。该方案具有电路结构简单、体积紧凑、绝缘压力小等优点。文中同时给出了电路的仿真结果。该功率调制方案将使爆磁压缩的应用更加广泛。     

电感储能系统驱动虚阴极振荡器数值研究

应用PSpice程序构建了一种比较符合实验实际的电感储能系统驱动反射三极管虚阴极振荡器的等效电路模型 ,研究了虚阴极中的电流电压关系 ,以及电爆炸丝切断开关和脉冲变压器的作用。具体介绍了电爆炸丝和虚阴极振荡器的计算模型。计算结果给出了脉冲变压器、电爆炸丝和虚阴极振荡器的参数选择对负载上获得的电压、电流的影响。     

集成电路方波脉冲注入损伤效应实验研究

为了得到各损伤参数随脉宽的变化规律,寻找建立评价复杂EMP波形对集成电路损伤模型的依据,对2种典型的集成电路器件进行了方波脉冲注入损伤实验。结果表明:RAM6264损伤电压、电流及功率均随脉宽增大而减小,损伤能量处于某一小范围之内,可能属于能量损伤型器件;BG305损伤电压、功率随脉宽增大而减小,损伤能量随脉宽增大而增大,损伤电流处于某一个小范围之内,可能属于电流损伤型器件。     

An experimental investigation of wire electrical discharge machining of hot-pressed boron carbide

The present work discusses the experimental study on wire-cut electric discharge machining of hot-pressed boron carbide.The effects of machining parameters,such as pulse on time(TON),peak current(IP),flushing pressure(FP) and spark voltage on material removal rate(MRR)and surface roughness(R_a) of the material,have been evaluated.These parameters are found to have an effect on the surface integrity of boron carbide machined samples.Wear rate of brass wire increases with rise in input energy in machining of hot-pressed boron carbide.The surfaces of machined samples were examined using scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The influence of machining parameters on mechanism of MRR and R_a was described.It was demonstrated that higher TON and peak current deteriorate the surface finish of boron carbide samples and result in the formation of large craters,debris and micro cracks.The generation of spherical particles was noticed and it was attributed to surface tension of molten material.Macro-ridges were also observed on the surface due to protrusion of molten material at higher discharge energy levels.     

新型导爆索式爆炸零门设计及试验

为了增强爆炸零门在应用中的稳定性,降低对沟槽装药装填工艺的要求,以间隙零门为研究对象,提出了以导爆索代替部分沟槽装药结构的方法。对具有不同尺寸参数的导爆索、沟槽装药以及零门间隙进行组合试验,以期通过试验得到装填工艺简单且控制通道对信号通道作用稳定的装填物质组合。研究结果表明,通过对由导爆索构成的爆炸零门进行合理的参数配置,能够实现在提升零门装置稳定性的同时又保证其可靠性。     

Research on fuze microswitch based on corona discharge effect

Abnormal voltages such as electrostatic, constant current, and strong electromagnetic signals can erro-neously trigger operation of MEMS pyrotechnics and control systems in a fuze, which may result in casualties. This study designs a solid-state micro-scale switch by combining the corona gas discharge theory of asymmetric electric fields and Peek's Law. The MEMS switch can be transferred from "off" to"on" through the gas breakdown between the corona electrodes. In the model, one of the two electrodes is spherical and the other flat, so a non-uniform electric field is formed around the electrodes. The theoretical work is as follows. First, the relation among the radius of curvature of the spherical electrode, the discharge gap, and the air breakdown voltage is obtained; to meet the low voltage (30-60 V) required to drive the MEMS switch, the radius of curvature of the spherical electrode needs to be 10-50 μm and the discharge gap between the two electrodes needs to be 9-11 μm. Second, the optimal ratio ε is introduced to parameterize the model. Finally, the corona discharge structural parameters are determined by comparing the theoretical and electric field simulation results. The switch is then fabricated via MEMS processing. A hardware test platform is built and the performing chip tested. It is found that when the electrode gap is 9 μm, the electrostatic voltage is at least 37.3 V, with an error of 2.6% between the actual and theoretical air breakdown voltages. When the electrode gap is 11 μm, the electrostatic voltage is at least 42.3 V, with an error of 10.5% between the actual and theoretical air breakdown voltages. Both cases meet the design requirements.     

Shock initiation performance of NTO-based polymer bonded explosive

3-nitro-1,2,4-tri-azol-5-one (NTO) is a high energy insensitive explosive. To study the shock initiation process of NTO-based polymer bonded explosive JEOL-1 (32%octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX), 32% NTO, 28% Al and 8% binder system), the cylinder test, the gap experiments and numerical simulation were carried out. Firstly, we got the detonation velocity (7746 m/s) and the parameters of Jones-Wilkins-Lee (JWL) equation of state (EOS) for detonation product by cylinder test and numerical simulation. Secondly, the Hugoniot curve of unreacted explosive for JEOL-1 was obtained calculating the data of pressure and time at different Lagrangian positions. Then the JWL EOS of unreacted explosive was obtained by utilizing the Hugoniot curve as the reference curve. Finally, we got the pressure growth history of JEOL-1 under shock wave stimulation and the parameters of the ignition and growth reaction rate equation were obtained by the pressure-time curves measured by the shock-initiation gap experiment and numerical simulation. The determined trinomial ignition and growth model (IG model) parameters can be applied to subsequently simulation analysis and design of insensitive ammunition with NTO-based polymer bonded explosive.     

基于ATmega8的程控电流驱动器设计

以ATmega8单片机为程控接口的核心控制电流驱动器,实现了程控电流驱动器的设计方案。电流驱动器采用Buck变换器进行输入/输出功率变换,通过电压、电流双反馈调节的反馈环路控制PWM驱动电路使Buck变换器实现输出电压可调,程控接口根据设定值大小以高频PWM输出方式控制电流驱动器输出相应的电流。进行了性能测试实验,结果表明：程控电流驱动器输出可靠性高,响应时间快,满足设计要求。     

电晕放电辐射场若干特性分析

为了研究电晕放电辐射场若干特性,首先进行了电晕放电时电晕电流的理论分析,研究了电晕电流的波形随电压变化情况。然后在采用针-板电极物理实验模型的基础上进行了电晕放电实验研究,分析了放电针上的充电电压对脉冲电流的影响,并确定了辐射场随传播距离的变化规律以及放电重复率随电压的变化情况。实验结果发现,当针为负极性时先发生放电,但正极性下先发生火花放电;电晕放电辐射场与距离成反比关系;放电重复率随着电压的增大而增大。     

An integrated electric power supply chain and fuel market network framework: Theoretical modeling with empirical analysis for New England

In this article, we develop a novel electric power supply chain network model with fuel supply markets that captures both the economic network transactions in energy supply markets and the physical network transmission constraints in the electric power network. The theoretical derivation and analysis are done using the theory of variational inequalities. We then apply the model to a specific case, the New England electric power supply chain, consisting of six states, five fuel types, 82 power generators, with a total of 573 generating units, and 10 demand market regions. The empirical case study demonstrates that the regional electric power prices simulated by our model match the actual electricity prices in New England very well. We also compute the electric power prices and the spark spread, an important measure of the power plant profitability, under natural gas and oil price variations. The empirical examples illustrate that in New England, the market/grid‐level fuel competition has become the major factor that affects the influence of the oil price on the natural gas price. Finally, we utilize the model to quantitatively investigate how changes in the demand for electricity influence the electric power and the fuel markets from a regional perspective. The theoretical model can be applied to other regions and multiple electricity markets under deregulation to quantify the interactions in electric power/energy supply chains and their effects on flows and prices. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2009