Signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio estimation for wireless communication systems: Methods and analysis

The Signal‐to‐Interference‐plus‐Noise Ratio (SINR) is an important metric of wireless communication link quality. SINR estimates have several important applications. These include optimizing the transmit power level for a target quality of service, assisting with handoff decisions and dynamically adapting the data rate for wireless Internet applications. Accurate SINR estimation provides for both a more efficient system and a higher user‐perceived quality of service. In this paper, we develop new SINR estimators and compare their mean squared error (MSE) performance. We show that our new estimators dominate estimators that have previously appeared in the literature with respect to MSE. The sequence of transmitted bits in wireless communication systems consists of both pilot bits (which are known both to the transmitter and receiver) and user bits (which are known only by the transmitter). The SINR estimators we consider alternatively depend exclusively on pilot bits, exclusively on user bits, or simultaneously use both pilot and user bits. In addition, we consider estimators that utilize smoothing and feedback mechanisms. Smoothed estimators are motivated by the fact that the interference component of the SINR changes relatively slowly with time, typically with the addition or departure of a user to the system. Feedback estimators are motivated by the fact that receivers typically decode bits correctly with a very high probability, and therefore user bits can be thought of as quasipilot bits. For each estimator discussed, we derive an exact or approximate formula for its MSE. Satterthwaite approximations, noncentral F distributions (singly and doubly) and distribution theory of quadratic forms are the key statistical tools used in developing the MSE formulas. In the case of approximate MSE formulas, we validate their accuracy using simulation techniques. The approximate MSE formulas, of interest in their own right for comparing the quality of the estimators, are also used for optimally combining estimators. In particular, we derive optimal weights for linearly combining an estimator based on pilot bits with an estimator based on user bits. The optimal weights depend on the MSE of the two estimators being combined, and thus the accurate approximate MSE formulas can conveniently be used. The optimal weights also depend on the unknown SINR, and therefore need to be estimated in order to construct a useable combined estimator. The impact on the MSE of the combined estimator due to estimating the weights is examined. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004     

Electronic warfare in the optical band: Main features,examples and selected measurement data

The paper presents the possibilities of, and methods for, acquiring, analysing and processing optical signals in order to recognise, identify and counteract threats on the contemporary battleground. The main ways electronic warfare is waged in the optical band of the electromagnetic wave spectrum have been formulated, including the acquisition of optical emitter signatures, as well as ultraviolet (UV) and thermal (IR) signatures. The physical parameters and values describing the emission of laser radiation are discussed, including their importance in terms of creating optical signatures. Moreover, it has been shown that in the transformation of optical signals into signatures, only their spectral and temporal parameters can be applied. This was confirmed in experimental part of the paper, which includes our own measurements of spectral and temporal emission characteristics for three types of binocular laser rangefinders. It has been further shown that through simple registration and quick analysis involving comparison of emission time parameters in the case of UV signatures in “solar-blind” band, various events can be identified quickly and faultlessly. The same is true for IR signatures, where the amplitudes of the recorded signal for several wavelengths are compared. This was confirmed experimentally for UV signatures by registering and then analyzing signals from several events during military exercises at a training ground, namely Rocket Propelled Grenade (RPG) launches and explosions after hitting targets, trinitrotoluene (TNT) explosions, firing armour-piercing, fin-stabilised, discarding sabots (APFSDS) or high explosive (HE) projectiles. The final section describes a proposed model database of emitters, created as a result of analysing and transforming the recorded signals into optical signatures.     

有源消声技术与应用述评

近十几年来 ,有源消声技术成为噪声控制领域一个多学科交叉、渗透、延伸的研究热点 ,它以其体积小、重量轻、低频消声效果好等优点获得普遍的关注。本文简述有源消声的基本原理 ,对有源消声理论研究、实现技术、产品应用三个方面的国内外研究现状、进展和难点进行了详细的阐述和分析 ,较为完整地展示了当前该研究领域的全貌 ,最后进一步分析了有源消声走向工程化过程中存在的一些主要问题 ,提出了有源消声技术的几个重点发展方向     

新型F1ash单片机智能温控系统设计

采用新型的Flash单片机、信号采集电路与温控电路等构成一个对固体火箭发动机温控系统 ,满足其固体火药的初始温度设计要求。     

冲床连杆瓦隔振有限元分析及降噪实验研究

在冲床连杆瓦背部设置弹性元件,可以显著地降低作用于床身的动载荷,阻止振动向床身传递.为了解隔振对床身动态特性的影响,预测其隔振效果,现运用有限元方法,利用SAP91软件对隔振前后的床身一隔振器系统的模态及动力响应进行分析比较,并对阻尼处理后的连杆瓦减振降噪效果进行了实验研究.     

亚音速轴流风扇静转子相互作用线谱噪声预报

静转子相互作用线谱噪声是亚音速轴流风扇主要噪声源之一,快速预报该噪声对风扇设计初期的叶片选型和参数设计具有重要意义.因此在叶栅响应函数理论的基础上考虑静转子叶片的相互作用,采用叶片经验尾流模型模拟转子尾流,推导得到静转子叶栅相互作用线谱辐射声功率半经验半理论计算公式.通过与NASA已有的试验模型和计算模型结果对比,验证...     

基于小波的信噪分离方法

本文在 Ｄｏｎｏｈｏ 提出的从噪声中恢复信号的非线性小波方法的基本原理的基础上, 并针对非线性小波方法的核心问题——浮动阈值的设定提出了新的算法。通过算例证明, 所设计的浮动阈值在实际应用中效果较好, 特别在低信噪比时信号恢复效果明显优于现常用的浮动阈值设计方法。     

激光陀螺数字抖动控制方法与特性

针对传统的模拟抖动控制系统体积大、灵活性差的缺点,设计了一种基于单片机的新的激光陀螺数字抖动控制方法,建立了陀螺抖动的数学模型,比较研究了传统的模拟正弦波驱动和新的数字方波驱动的抖动特性,指出了后者不同于前者的抖幅变化律及非线性的随机噪声注入方式。仿真和实验证明,该方法能很好满足激光陀螺抖动控制要求,保证陀螺性能。     

杂波环境下红外传感器滤波算法

基于定向概率数据关联滤波(DPDAF)算法,根据红外传感器对目标方位角与俯仰角分辨率不同的特性修正了似然函数,并利用等效观测噪声协方差阵修正滤波增益的思想,构造了一种旨在提高红外传感器跟踪性能的修正定向概率数据关联滤波算法.蒙特卡洛仿真结果表明,新算法对红外目标的跟踪具有比DPDAF更好的跟踪性能.     

基于局部评估的分布式图模式匹配算法

为了在分布式存储的大规模数据图上进行快速图模式匹配，提出了基于局部评估的分布式图模式匹配算法disGPM-PE。首先各计算节点并行地执行本地匹配，然后协调器节点收集局部匹配结果、计算边界点的匹配状态并发送给相应的计算节点，接着计算节点根据边界点的匹配状态确定与边界点相连的节点的匹配情况，最后协调器节点组合得出最大匹配集。实验结果表明：与已有的分布式图模式匹配算法相比，disGPM-PE算法都能够在不显著增加通信量的前提下避免数据片段间的依赖关系对执行时间的影响，减少了图模式匹配的时间。