Energy‐efficient scheduling for sustainable manufacturing systems with renewable energy resources

Environmentally friendly energy resources open a new opportunity to tackle the problem of energy security and climate change arising from wide use of fossil fuels. This paper focuses on optimizing the allocation of the energy generated by the renewable energy system to minimize the total electricity cost for sustainable manufacturing systems under time‐of‐use tariff by clipping the peak demand. A rolling horizon approach is adopted to handle the uncertainty caused by the weather change. A nonlinear mathematical programming model is established for each decision epoch based on the predicted energy generation and the probability distribution of power demand in the manufacturing plant. The objective function of the model is shown to be convex, Lipchitz‐continuous, and subdifferentiable. A generalized benders decomposition method based on the primal‐dual subgradient descent algorithm is proposed to solve the model. A series of numerical experiments is conducted to show the effectiveness of the solution approach and the significant benefits of using the renewable energy resources.     

雾化液滴在气道内的动力学特性及其影响因素

基于单颗粒动力学,用Lagrangian方法建立了液滴在气道内运动的数学模型,用Runge-Kutta法对液滴运动方程进行了数值求解,得到了液滴速度、相对雷诺数和阻力系数沿气道轴向的变化规律,并分析了重力场、液滴粒径、液滴初始速度、液滴出射角度对液滴运动轨迹的影响.结果表明,液滴在气道内的运动分为变速段和恒速段,液滴粒径、初始速度及出射角度等因素对雾滴的运动轨迹也有很大影响,雾滴运动分析时一般不应忽略重力场的作用.     

基于多层次Petri网的软件保障流程建模

软件保障流程分析是研究软件保障规律的重要手段。应用多层赋时变迁、随机Petri网技术,逐步细化建立了软件保障流程仿真模型,给出了各层次模型中库所和变迁的含义。结合模型的仿真分析,提出了用"软件使用保障时间比"作为评价软件保障性的参数,给出了软件使用保障时间比的计算方法,并就该计算方法所表达的意义同装备系统进行了比较,指出了软件使用与保障时间分配的特殊性。     

高超声速圆球绕流流场及其近尾尾迹流场电磁散射特性分析

采用分段线性电流密度递归卷积时域有限差分(PLJERC FDTD)方法计算高超声速导电金属球绕流流场及其近尾尾迹流场电磁散射特性,分析等离子体绕流流场RCS的频率特性、双站散射特性、极化特性及随飞行高度、飞行马赫数、入射角的变化关系.计算表明,前向散射方向是全方位散射中RCS取得最大值的方向;马赫数较大(本文Ma≥14)时,入射波频率增大、马赫数增大及飞行高度降低,绕流流场前向RCS增大.马赫数较小(本文Ma≤10)时,飞行马赫数、高度及入射角变化对绕流流场UHF、L、S波段后向RCS和双站RCS影响很小;在UHF、L波段,绕流流场及本体的后向RCS差距较小.马赫数较大时,大范围过密等离子体尾迹的形成使得电磁波垂直轴线入射时绕流流场增大了目标本体的后向RCS;在L、S波段,绕流流场后向RCS曲线可用一条直线逼近.     

低功耗微处理器中异步流水线设计

随着工艺的不断进步及芯片上资源的不断增加,微处理器设计遇到了一系列问题:为芯片提供一个全局时钟网络越来越困难,时钟扭曲等问题越来越突出,芯片的功耗问题越来越严重.上述这些因素促使人们将注意力逐渐转向异步电路设计.在设计异步微处理器过程中,异步流水线的设计是一个非常重要的问题.首先总结了微处理器设计中出现的各种流水线结构,并给出了相应的异步实现;然后提出了一种异步流水线设计流程,用于加速异步流水线的设计;最后利用提出的流程设计实现了几种异步功能单元,实验结果表明异步电路能够有效降低电路的功耗.     

电力系统电压稳定分析方法及应用

介绍了电力系统电压稳定性的概念及其分类，对电压稳定性的静、动态分析方法进行了介绍和比较，最后综合运用连续潮流法、模态分析法、分岔理论以及时域仿真法对WSCC9节点系统进行了电压稳定性分析，结果表明综合方法能充分利用各种方法的优点，分析的结果是有效可靠的。     

WCNS格式在热化学非平衡流数值模拟中的应用研究

高精度格式因其在较低的计算资源消耗下仍能保持足够的精度而在精细流动结构的模拟中具有独特优势。首次将显式5阶加权紧致非线性格式(WCNS-E-5)引入二维高温非平衡流计算。进行了自由流速度5.0~5.7km/s的高焓风洞和高空条件下的圆柱非平衡流场数值模拟,得到了正确的流场参数分布,壁面压力和壁面热流等结果与实验值吻合较好。计算结果表明WCNS-E-5格式较2阶的MUSCL格式具有更好的热流网格收敛特性。分析并针对算例条件初步解决了高阶格式在刚性化学反应流模拟中的鲁棒性问题,为进一步采用高阶格式开展流场结构更加复杂的热化学非平衡流数值研究奠定了良好基础。     

Scheduling policies for an antiterrorist surveillance system

This article concerns scheduling policies in a surveillance system aimed at detecting a terrorist attack in time. Terrorist suspects arriving at a public area are subject to continuous monitoring, while a surveillance team takes their biometric signatures and compares them with records stored in a terrorist database. Because the surveillance team can screen only one terrorist suspect at a time, the team faces a dynamic scheduling problem among the suspects. We build a model consisting of an M/G/1 queue with two types of customers—red and white—to study this problem. Both types of customers are impatient but the reneging time distributions are different. The server only receives a reward by serving a red customer and can use the time a customer has spent in the queue to deduce its likely type. In a few special cases, a simple service rule—such as first‐come‐first‐serve—is optimal. We explain why the problem is in general difficult and we develop a heuristic policy motivated by the fact that terrorist attacks tend to be rare events. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2009     

破甲弹侵彻装甲板的数值仿真

装甲装备受到弹丸攻击后,要判断内部部件的毁伤情况,采用实弹试验的方法费用高,周期长,安全性差;而采用建模仿真的方法费用低,效率高,安全性好,并且可以为预测装备内部的毁伤部件奠定基础。采用有限元法对破甲弹侵彻均质装甲板进行了数值仿真,对侵彻过程的3个阶段进行了分析,得出了破甲弹射流的动能、平均速度和冲量随时间变化的规律,为侵彻后装甲板内部部件毁伤情况的判断提供了基础数据。     

On scheduling a single machine to minimize a piecewise linear objective function: A compact MIP formulation

We study the scheduling situation in which a set of jobs subjected to release dates and deadlines are to be performed on a single machine. The objective is to minimize a piecewise linear objective function ∑_jF_j where F_j(C_j) corresponds to the cost of the completion of job j at time C_j. This class of function is very large and thus interesting both from a theoretical and practical point of view: It can be used to model total (weighted) completion time, total (weighted) tardiness, earliness and tardiness, etc. We introduce a new Mixed Integer Program (MIP) based on time interval decomposition. Our MIP is closely related to the well‐known time‐indexed MIP formulation but uses much less variables and constraints. Experiments on academic benchmarks as well as on real‐life industrial problems show that our generic MIP formulation is efficient. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2009