On the continued acceleration of bomb casing fragments following casing fracture

It has been said that, once a bomb casing has fractured, “detonation gases will then stream around the fragments or bypass them, and the acceleration process stops there.” However, while apparently copious gas flow through casing fractures indicates some pressure release, it is also an indication of significant gas drive pressure, post casing fracture. This paper shows two approaches to the problem of calculating the actual loss of drive. One presents first-order analytical calculations, in cylindrical geometry, of pressure loss to the inside surface of a fractured casing. The second shows the modelling of a selected example in the CTH code. Both approaches reveal that gas escape, while occurring at its own sound-speed relative to the adjacent casing fragments, has to compete with rapid radial expansion of the casing. Together with some historic experiments now publicly available, our calculations indicate that post-fracture casing fragment acceleration is, for most systems, unlikely to be reduced significantly.     

电磁弹射过程中涡流引入阻力的分析

永磁直线电机能够满足电磁弹射系统短距内高加速与快制动的应用要求,但是永磁直线电机的快速运动可能引入明显的涡流效应,在电机加速度段,涡流效应引入涡流阻力,削弱了系统的弹射能力,另一方面,在电机的制动段,涡流效应引入的阻力可以帮助系统实现快速制动.针对电磁弹射系统所采用的定子开槽、集中绕组、动磁式永磁直线电机,仿真分析了动...     

有限精度的 BP 神经网络高速算法

精度要求是神经网络硬件实现的一个关键问题。本文提出了一种有限精度的BP高速算法，通过实例验证，该算法适于低精度，且收敛速度快。     

飞行器曲线显示中的数据处理方法及实现

主要内容分为两个部分:处理方法和方法的应用。处理方法着重介绍了远程火箭弹道学和地图学的基本知识,内容包括:各种坐标之间的转换、被动段飞行轨迹的计算、常微分方程的数值解法。方法的应用以上述算法为核心,用实例说明了其使用情况,内容包括:v-t、x-y曲线中的坐标转换、v-t曲线中被动段弹道的平滑处理、箭下点曲线中的坐标转换和外推估算。     

基于加速寿命试验的晶体管静电放电潜在性失效的研究

对高频小功率硅双极结型晶体管2SC3356进行静电放电试验,并利用加速寿命试验原理对两组器件进行加速寿命试验。采用Arrhenius模型对试验结果进行计算分析,发现低于损伤阈值的ESD注入可以使器件的寿命缩短,得出ESD可以在高频小功率硅双极结型晶体管内部造成潜在性失效,使得器件寿命缩短。     

Effects of nano-sized aluminum on detonation characteristics and metal acceleration for RDX-based aluminized explosive

Nano-sized aluminum(Nano-Al)powders hold promise in enhancing the total energy of explosives and the metal acceleration ability at the same time.However,the near-detonation zone effects of reaction between Nano-Al with detonation products remain unclear.In this study,the overall reaction process of 170 nm Al with RDX explosive and its effect on detonation characteristics,detonation reaction zone,and the metal acceleration ability were comprehensively investigated through a variety of experiments such as the detonation velocity test,detonation pressure test,explosive/window interface velocity test and confined plate push test using high-resolution laser interferometry.Lithium fluoride(LiF),which has an inert behavior during the explosion,was used as a control to compare the contribution of the reaction of aluminum.A thermochemical approach that took into account the reactivity of aluminum and ensuing detonation products was adopted to calculate the additional energy release by afterburn.Combining the numerical simulations based on the calculated afterburn energy and experimental results,the param-eters in the detonation equation of state describing the Nano-Al reaction characteristics were calibrated.This study found that when the 170 nm Al content is from 0％to 15％,every 5％increase of aluminum resulted in about a 1.3％decrease in detonation velocity.Manganin pressure gauge measurement showed no significant enhancement in detonation pressure.The detonation reaction time and reaction zone length of RDX/Al/wax/80/15/5 explosive is 64 ns and 0.47 mm,which is respectively 14％and 8％higher than that of RDX/wax/95/5 explosive(57 ns and 0.39 mm).Explosive/window interface velocity curves show that 170 nm Al mainly reacted with the RDX detonation products after the detonation front.For the recording time of about 10 μs throughout the plate push test duration,the maximum plate velocity and plate acceleration time accelerated by RDX/Al/wax/80/15/5 explosive is 12％and 2.9 μs higher than that of RDX/LiF/wax/80/15/5,respectively,indicating that the aluminum reaction energy significantly increased the metal acceleration time and ability of the explosive.Numerical simulations with JWLM explosive equation of state show that when the detonation products expanded to 2 times the initial volume,over 80％of the aluminum had reacted,implying very high reactivity.These results are significant in attaining a clear understanding of the reaction mechanism of Nano-Al in the development of aluminized explosives.     

单片机系统常用软硬件抗干扰措施

抗干扰性能是微机系统可靠性的重要指标,抗干扰设计是单片机系统研制中不容忽视的重要内容。单片机系统的可靠性由多种因素决定,从干扰的来源和途径,分析干扰对单片机主要硬件CPU、SFR、RAM、ROM及软件的影响,探索抗干扰的原理和设计方法。提出从电源、输入通道、印制板电路加强硬件抗干扰;通过开机自检、掉电保护、睡眠抗干扰及"看门狗"等技术,采用指令冗余和软件陷阱等软件措施,及时发现干扰导致的错误,使系统尽快恢复正常或及时报警,最大限度降低干扰对系统的影响,有效提高单片机系统在恶劣工况下运行的可靠性。     

高校教育信息化建设问题及对策

高校信息化建设是高校建设的一项重要任务，我国高校信息化经过十几年基础设施建设后，现阶段仍然存在一些问题。总结分析现阶段教育信息化建设中存在的问题及解决策略，有助于高校教育信息化建设健康、有序发展。     

利用深度学习的硬件计数器复用估计算法

利用深度学习方法,为硬件计数器复用(multiplexing,MPX)提供结果精度更高的估计模型。通过对MPX估计得到的结果与实际采集的真实数据进行相似性分析,证明相同程序多次运行之间得到的硬件计数值是线性相关的。采用神经网络多层感知器(multilayer perceptron,MLP)和双向门控神经网络(bidirectional gated recurrent unit, Bi-GRU)这2种深度学习模型,对MPX数据进行拟合。基于动态时间规整(dynamic time warping, DTW),提出一个全新的评估MPX数据精度的指标DTW-cost。实验结果表明,同时收集15个硬件事件数据时,MLP方法拟合得到的13个高性能计算应用平均准确率比现有使用最广的固定插值法高出10.53%,最多可提升19.8%;而在MLP表现较差的事件上,Bi-GRU方法得到的平均准确率提升了28.8%。     

无人机自驾仪硬件加固方案设计与可靠性分析

自驾仪是无人机实现自主飞行与自主完成各项任务的核心器件。现有商用无人机自驾仪大多没有进行硬件加固,直接用来执行重大任务时有一定风险。通过分析可知自驾仪组成模块中对安全性和可靠性影响最大的模块为控制解算器。根据逐步提高的容错需求,使用复位器、计数器、反相器、选择器等简单器件以及在芯片内部添加简单代码,分别设计了单机复位加固方案、双机热备加固方案、硬件切换和软件切换双机互备加固方案。重点研究了加固方案的可靠性随时间的变化关系,并进行了对比分析。对加固方案的工作机制进行了模拟,分析了这些方案在处理故障时的系统异常输出时间等容错特性。计算表明,这些加固方案可以显著提高系统的可靠性,其中双机互备加固方案的可靠性最高。该研究对于指导高可靠性自驾仪设计时在容错效果与复杂度、成本等方面进行折中具有较大的参考意义。