中西方文化差异及其对科学技术发展的影响

在综述中西方文化产生的不同自然环境、不同文明模式和不同人格结构的基础上 ,比较了这种文化差异对于思考顺序、判断模式、发问模式以及思维过程的影响 ,阐述了科学精神及其意义以及科学对技术和生产力发展的决定性作用。指出以经济方式的变革为基础 ,结合思想启蒙和激励机制 ,确立真理的至上性、理性的权威性和学术的独立性 ,弘扬科学的怀疑精神、批判精神和实证精神 ,在中华民族中全面而深入地普及科学态度、科学方法和科学精神是中国科学得以繁荣与发展的关键所在     

Defence industry in Iran – between needs and real capabilities

ABSTRACT

The paper’s goal is to analyses the potential of the Iranian defence industry, including both research-and-development and production capabilities. It is argued that, despite official statements about the great power and sophistication of the Iranian defence industry, in reality its capabilities are very limited and cannot meet the operational needs of the Iranian armed forces. At the same time, it is argued that many official releases, which are abundantly available in the Iranian press and often unthinkingly repeated by the Western media, do not present the real and value of military products, but are rather a tool for deception and propaganda.     

Coating processes towards selective laser sintering of energetic material composites

This research aims to contribute to the safe methodology for additive manufacturing (AM) of energetic materials. Coating formulation processes were investigated and evaluated to find a suitable method that may enable selective laser sintering (SLS) as the safe method for fabrication of high explosive (HE) compositions. For safety and convenience reasons, the concept demonstration was conducted using inert explosive simulants with properties quasi-similar to the real HE. Coating processes for simulant RDX-based microparticles by means of PCL and 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde (as TNT simulant) are reported. These processes were evaluated for uniformity of coating the HE inert simulant particles with binder materials to facilitate the SLS as the adequate binding and fabrication method. Suspension system and single emulsion methods gave required particle near spherical morphology, size and uniform coating. The suspension process appears to be suitable for the SLS of HE mocks and potential formulation methods for active HE composites. The density is estimated to be comparable with the current HE compositions and plastic bonded explosives (PBXs) such as C4 and PE4, produced from traditional methods. The formulation method developed and understanding of the science behind the processes paves the way toward safe SLS of the active HE compositions and may open avenues for further research and development of munitions of the future.     

Unmasking silence and impunity: the Zimbabwe Peace Project’s e-activism in a polarised political dispensation

This study is an exploration of the use of technology-mediated interventions by the Zimbabwe Peace Project (ZPP) in checkmating the country’s insidious culture of political violence and impunity. It disentangles the ZPP’s strategies and the composite reactions they triggered from state functionaries and the aligned security apparatus. The ZPP exploited and deployed an Internet-circulated monthly newsletter, bulk short message service (SMS) alerts, smartphones, radio and Facebook to shine a spotlight on injustice. It is argued that the ZPP’s whistle-blowing strategies used against human rights violators were not necessarily intended to secure immediate perpetrator conviction; rather, they were a partial but exigent attempt at using perpetrator exposure to reveal extralegal activities and checkmate the country’s culture of impunity. The ZPP’s cybernetic naming and shaming strategies embarrassed some offenders, as evidenced by the intelligence operatives and the police’s constant harassment and arrests of ZPP-affiliated activists. The state-controlled media compounded this pressure by casting aspersions on the ZPP’s bona fides, labelling it a foreign-funded organisation that was attempting to destabilise the country. Finally, this study is informed by a broad evidentiary base that includes ZPP reports on its e-archive, oral interviews, policy documents and newspaper accounts.     

制备工艺对弧焊成形件性能影响研究进展

阐述了弧焊工艺参数、搭接量、层间冷却时间、焊接路径规划以及激光-弧焊复合焊接工艺对成形件组织性能(残余应力、温度场、组织、硬度、抗拉强度)影响的研究现状,总结了尺寸与性能控制一体化快速制造、尺寸控制和表面改性复合快速制造、基于机械加工特征的性能控制等研究新进展,最后指出未来性能控制研究应在性能控制建模、几何尺寸与表面性能控制的顶层设计、弧焊快速制造与纳米表面工程的复合运用等方面加以重视。     

中间件构件技术在反潜火控设备上的应用

从现代反潜战的需求出发,通过对比不同反潜火控设备的软硬件平台,论证了新型反潜火控设备能更好地适应现代反潜战。重点对新型火控设备所采用的软件中间件构件技术进行了详细介绍,并对未来反潜火控设备的软硬件平台发展进行了展望。     

多模寻的复合制导方案与技术研究

防区外远程精确打击已成为现代高技术战争的主旋律,而复合制导技术作为精确制导武器的发展方向之一,是导弹制导的发展趋势。通过对多模复合寻的制导体制、性能、优缺点的分析,归结出了多模复合制导的原则,论述了多模复合制导系统设计方面的一些硬件结构和技术支持,并就多模复合寻的制导领域的新技术进行了探讨。     

坦克射击命中判断仿真

实时仿真系统中关于坦克炮射击命中判断仿真的方法还不成熟,通过对实时解弹道法和随机模拟法的比较,根据坦克射击误差的随机正态分布规律,依据目标几何模型和空间姿态,通过目标坐标变换.提出了在投影平面上采用统计抽样的方法确定瞄准点和弹着点.此法可以真实模拟射弹散布规律,仿真结果真实可靠,运算简便、快捷,可以满足实时仿真的要求,而且可以推广到坦克等类似系统上使用.     

面向ACTD的主战坦克战法仿真方法及应用

主战坦克在论证研制阶段开展战场运用的战法研究,对于其定型和列装意义重大.提出一种基于CGF的战法仿真方法,并建立相应的战法仿真模型.最后,利用所研制的仿真系统,结合新型主战坦克的一种新战法进行了实例研究,并针对结果进行分析.该思路及仿真系统为新型主战坦克战法研究提供了简便高效的手段,可以满足面向先期概念演示验证中战法研究的需要.     

某型柴油发动机油液监测光谱信息分析

运用油液监测技术连续5年对近600台次某型履带式车辆做了跟踪监测,并利用互信息理论对某型柴油发动机的光谱数据进行处理,发现了磨损元素的相关性,得出构成某型柴油发动机的主要磨损元素是铁、硅、铝和铬,比较重要的磨损部位发生在活塞—缸体部位。