A non‐linear defence‐growth nexus? evidence from the US economy

The defense‐growth nexus is investigated empirically using time series data for the US and allowing the effect of defense spending on growth to be non‐linear. Using recently developed econometric methods involving threshold regressions, evidence of a level‐dependent effect of military expenditure on GDP growth is found: the positive externality effect of defense spending prevails for relatively lower levels of defense spending (with respect to the history of defense spending in the US) and reverts its influence for higher levels.     

Defence spending and economic growth: A causal analysis for Greece and Turkey*

There are a number of studies which consider the relation between military spending and economic growth using Granger causality techniques rather than a well‐defined economic model. Some have used samples of groups of countries, finding no consistent results. Others have focused on case studies of individual countries, which has the advantage of the researchers bringing to bear much more data than the cross country samples and a greater knowledge of the structure of the economy and the budget. This paper adds to the literature by providing an analysis of two countries, Greece and Turkey, which are particularly interesting case studies given their high military burdens, the poor relations between the two and the resulting arms race in the area. In addition to analysing the data using standard “pre‐cointegration” Granger causality techniques, this paper employs modern vector autoregressive (VAR) methodology that utilises cointegration via Granger's representation theorem. The standard Granger causality tests suggest a positive effect of changing military burden on growth for Greece, but this is not sustained when the cointegration between output and military burden is taken into account. The only evidence of significant Granger causality is a negative impact of military burden on growth in Turkey.     

A note on the causal relationship between defence spending and growth in Greece: 1955–93

The causal relationship between economic growth and defence spending has attracted considerable attention and has been the subject of many empirical studies. This paper investigates the existence of a causal link between military expenditure and economic growth in the case of Greece for the period 1955–93. By European Union standards, Greece allocates substantial human and material resources to defence. At the same time, Greece is the poorest European Union member facing chronic economic problems. Using the concept of Granger‐causality, the findings reported herein suggest that neither variable Granger‐causes the other disclosing thereof the absence of any causal ordering between them.     

互联网大数据可用性增长方式研究

随着信息技术的发展,特别是物理信息系统、互联网、社交网络等技术的突飞猛进,数据爆炸性增长的同时,劣质数据也随之而来,数据可用性受到严重影响。近年来,学术界和工业界开始研究数据可用性问题,取得了一些的研究成果,但是针对互联网大数据可用性问题的研究工作还很少。文章从大数据的发展现状分析入手,概述了大数据可用性的挑战,探讨了大数据可用性方面的研究问题。通过机器翻译案例,指出了互联网大数据可用性增长的可能途径。     

复杂系统维修性综合评估技术

分析了复杂系统使用期间维修性水平动态变化特点,研究了复杂系统在使用中维修性数据特点、类型和分布确定方法,建立了复杂系统使用期间维修性指标综合评估模型,提出了维修性增长极大似然评估方法,为复杂系统维修性指标计算和评估提供参考。     

环境因素对枝孢霉菌生长特性的影响

考察了温度、pH、Fe3+质量浓度等主要环境因素对喷气燃料中特征微生物——枝孢霉菌生长的影响,为喷气燃料中枝孢霉菌的防治提供科学指导。在500 nm波长处,测定了不同浓度枝孢霉菌菌液的OD值,得出其浓度与OD值线性相关,且相关性大于99%。经生长特性试验,表明枝孢霉菌在24~40℃生命力较强,在32℃生长最为旺盛,低温和高温枝孢霉菌几乎停滞生长,高温对真菌的抑制作用更加明显;p H为3~11,随着pH增大,生长速度先加快随后减慢,最适宜生长的p H为9;Fe3+质量浓度为0~200 mg/L,随着Fe3+质量浓度增大,枝孢霉菌生长趋于旺盛,即Fe3+能促进枝孢霉菌的生长。所以,监测和控制储罐中温度和pH,减少储罐和管道腐蚀,是预防和控制喷气燃料中枝孢霉菌污染的有效措施。     

高校新教师专业成长个人状况的调查与思考

新教师阶段是教师专业成长的关键阶段,对教师个体和学校的可持续发展具有深远意义。本文采用实地观察、问卷访谈等研究方法,对某高校新教师的职业满意度、专业成长的动机、需要和自我意识等专业成长个人状况进行了调查,分析其发展现状和存在的问题,进而提出促进新教师专业成长的思考与建议。     

软件可维护性的一种定量计算方法

软件可维护性是软件维护难易程度评价的标准,为实现软件可维护性的定量计算,在介绍波动效应的基础上,根据软件可维护性计算的基本思路和基本原理,建立了基于波动效应分析的软件可维护性计算模型,并对模型进行了分析和校验。     

成败型产品的Bayes鉴定试验方案研究

利用可靠性增长模型给出了成败型产品鉴定试验的一种Bayes方法.提出了Bayes鉴定试验的最大后验风险准则,利用这种准则制定的鉴定试验方案综合了产品研制过程中的先验信息.在确保产品质量的前提下,与传统的鉴定试验方案相比,将大大节省试验时间.     

面向对象的软件维护性分析研究

对现有的软件维护性分析方法进行了比较,包括软件维护性度量分析方法、软件维护性指标分析方法和软件维护模型分析方法.针对面向对象的软件维护性的研究现状,在美国空军软件维护性评估理论基础上,提出了适合面向对象的软件维护性的定性分析规则与指标,对于提高软件的维护性具有一定的理论意义和实际应用价值.