热真空条件下工作的电气电缆载流量计算与试验

高空制导飞行器从母舱释放后,制导舱与仪器舱之间部分电气电缆处于热真空条件下工作。对此种特定条件下的电缆进行了载流量计算。理论计算表明,给定的电缆设计满足在热真空条件下正常工作要求。最后简略介绍了载流量试验。     

基于虚拟目标的反舰导弹的最优制导律研究

为了对抗敌方预警系统的跟踪、预测以及远程防空导弹的拦截,反舰导弹的飞行弹道应采用大空域变轨弹道。将弹目相对运动分解为俯仰和航向两个平面内的运动,考虑了制导过程中能量消耗最小以及末端角度要求,分别设计了两个平面内的最优制导律。利用该制导律可以引导反舰导弹向大空域内任何虚拟目标进行变轨机动,从而实现了各种各样的大空域变轨弹道。只要虚拟目标参数设置合适,反舰导弹的各项性能指标均能满足要求。弹道仿真表明了所设计的最优制导律的有效性。     

互耦影响存在时修正MUSIC算法的DOA估计

首先用矩量法精确分析了考虑互耦影响时天线阵元的电流分布,给出了计算电流的解析式,并仿真计算了单元直线阵的电流分布。然后以等效网络法为基础研究互耦影响存在时修正MUSIC算法的DOA估计性能,仿真实验表明在互耦影响存在时MUSIC算法失效,而修正MUSIC算法仍然具有良好的DOA估计性能。     

粗糙集中不确定性测量的修正粗糙熵方法

分析了引起粗糙集中不确定性的因素,对已有的测量不确定性的粗糙度与粗糙熵方法进行了比较,提出了一种修正的粗糙熵方法,证明了此粗糙熵的性质,并将基于等价关系的修正粗糙熵拓展到基于一般二元关系下的广义修正粗糙熵,同时给出了广义修正粗糙熵的定义及性质.通过分析和实例可以看出,所提出的修正粗糙熵方法可以用来更合理、更精确地测量粗糙集中的不确定性.     

Proportional use of force in asymmetric military operation

This paper studies a strategic conflict between a state and a non-state military organization. The non-state military organization decides whether to attack or not to attack the state, while the state decides on its counter-measure. If the state uses a high level of violence against the non-state organization, it may be accused by the international community of ‘non-proportional’ use of force, and both sides of the conflict take this possibility into account. The model predicts that it may be rational for the non-state organization to attack the state, even if as a reaction the state will militarily destroy this organization, due to a positive probability the state will be punished by the international community for non-proportional use of violence.     

Africa's toy soldiers,non-state armed groups,and ‘voluntary’ recruitment

Armed conflict on the African continent has witnessed increasing recruitment of child soldiers, often at the hands of non-state armed groups. Unfortunately this practice continues unabated in the face of legal obligations prohibiting the recruitment of child soldiers under international humanitarian law, and international and regional human rights law. While international condemnation of the practice has led to attempts to increase the minimum age for recruitment to 18, a disjuncture persists between the legal obligations states sign up to, and the actual enforcement of these prohibitions at a domestic level.

International criminal law jurisprudence emanating from the Special Court for Sierra Leone and the International Criminal Court is being monitored closely, as these courts seek to enforce the prohibition in all armed conflicts, and against both state actors and non-state armed groups. International humanitarian law only protects child soldiers who have been unlawfully recruited. In this piece, the authors take a closer look at what amounts to unlawful recruitment in light of customary international humanitarian law, since this body of law also binds non-state actors, even without further criminalising legislation at a domestic level. Moreover, the article briefly explores whether a child can ever void this protected status by volunteering to participate directly in hostilities.     

THE EXERCISE OF NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY

Skeptics of the Bush administration have castigated its strong aversion to formal international agreements in responding to the threat of the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD), citing unilateral actions as the default alternative. Yet this critique misses the growing emergence of a conscious framework guiding the administration's actions: an emphasis on the exercise of national sovereignty and the corollary principle of sovereign responsibility. Rejecting the paradigm of arms control as the answer to WMD proliferation, the current administration instead advocates a toolkit of alternative mechanisms based on the full exercise by individual nation, states of their domestic authorities and rights under international law, acting in their capacities as responsible citizens of the global community. This paper will examine that philosophical approach and its concrete application through the following policies: (1) the Proliferation Security Initiative; (2) enforcement of national laws and regulations as exemplified by United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540 and the U.S. proposals for consideration by Biological Weapons Convention signatories; and (3) preemptive warfare to disarm the WMD programs of a threatening state.     

Reforming the notion of national sovereignty by external intervention

In principle, national sovereignty is the right of a nation to govern its internal affairs without foreign interference. In practice, it is defined by one's interpretation of international law, which may permit legal external intervention under some circumstances, ultimately removing a nation's sovereignty. This paper will examine the current system of international law outlined by the United Nations, analyse the ambiguities contained within its Charter and elaborate on how external intervention can be justified. The case-study of recent developments related to Libya will demonstrate that the manner in which international law is interpreted is changing the notion of principles of sovereignty.     

The practice and theory of British counterinsurgency: the histories of the atrocities at the Palestinian villages of al-Bassa and Halhul, 1938–1939

This article details two largely unreported atrocities by British forces operating against Arab rebels during the Arab revolt, 1936–9, at the Palestinian villages of al-Bassa and Halhul. It then examines the military-legal system that underpinned and authorised British military forces operating in aid of the civil power, suggesting that the law in place at the time allowed for a level of reprisals and punitive actions, such as happened at al-Bassa and Halhul. The article does not conclude that the law allowed for atrocities but it does argue that it gave a basic form and understanding to an operational method that was brutal and could lead to atrocities. It thus tests the idea in much of the literature on counterinsurgency that the British were restrained and used minimum force when compared to other colonial and neo-colonial powers fighting insurgents.     

超高速碰撞形成一次碎片云特性

对超高速碰撞数值模拟方法进行了讨论.采用ANSYS/AUTODYN程序的SPH方法,对球形弹丸超高速撞击时弹丸的破碎、碎片云的形成及扩展过程进行数值模拟,其结果与实验结果进行比较,并验证了计算方法和模型参数的正确性.在此基础上采用数值模拟方法,对钨合金、轧制均质装甲及LY12铝三种材料的球形弹丸超高速撞击靶板之后形成的一次碎片云形貌及演化规律进行了研究,并基于量纲分析方法得出了碎片云特征参数(碎片云头部速度、径向最大膨胀速度及膨胀角)随初始撞击条件的变化规律。