SPH算法在超高速碰撞数值模拟中的应用

采用大型动力学软件Ls-dyna中的SPH求解器,对球形弹丸超高速碰撞靶板的过程进行数值模拟。给出由于碰撞速度不同,而引起的不同的碎片云图像,以及不同的靶板破碎孔的尺寸。同时模拟了入射角度不同,而得到不同的超高速碰撞物理过程。初步分析结果表明数值模拟结果是合理的,较清晰地模拟了超高速碰撞下碎片云的生成、膨胀过程。另外,通过数值模拟结果与实验结果的比较分析,表明SPH方法得到的结果能描述相应的超高速碰撞现象。所以采用SPH算法针对超高速碰撞物理过程进行数值模拟是可行的。     

填充式波纹夹层结构超高速撞击特性仿真

基于航天器空间碎片被动防护需求,对一种新型填充式波纹夹层结构进行超高速撞击仿真研究,分析超高速撞击过程以及结构的穿孔破坏情况和所形成的碎片云的特性,并与相同面密度Whipple结构进行对比。其撞击现象与Whipple结构相似,但其碎片云的头部速度小于Whipple结构,而径向膨胀最大速度和膨胀半角均大于Whipple结构。随撞击初速从3 km/s~10 km/s不断增大,波纹夹层结构的撞击穿孔尺寸变大,形状也更不规则。此外,结构中的填充树脂对碎片撞击能量的吸收贡献最大,后面板所吸收的能量所占比重较大,而前面板和波纹板对碎片撞击能量的吸收贡献较小。研究结果对空间碎片防护结构的设计具有一定的参考意义。     

强爆轰驱动超高速碎片发射装置设计因素分析

为了得到发射装置设计因素和超高速碎片性能间的关系,考虑了药型罩的材料、炸药种类、装药长径比、药型罩的锥角、药型罩的厚度、药型罩顶部靠近装药侧的曲率半径等设计因素,采用AUTODYNTM,结合正交试验,对超高速碎片的发射过程进行数值模拟。结果表明,3种发射装置结构分别可以提供质量为1. 533 g的紫铜碎片、速度为11. 649 km/s的铝碎片、动能为85. 6 k J的铝碎片; 2种发射装置结构均可以提供质量大于1 g、速度高于11 km/s的密实结构圆柱状碎片。验证了仿真方法的可信性,对影响碎片性能的设计因素进行了分析、排序,并得到了这些设计因素与碎片质量、速度、动能的关系。     

应变率和绝热软化对空腔膨胀影响的数值模拟

采用数值模拟的方法研究金属材料球形空腔膨胀的空腔面径向应力与膨胀速度关系.理想弹塑性模型和幂次硬化模型的模拟结果与理论解吻合得非常好,验证了该方法的有效性.在此基础上研究了应变率和绝热软化效应对空腔面径向力和膨胀速度的影响.结果表明,综合考虑应变率和热效应的侵深预测结果与试验值吻合得很好,只考虑应变率而不计热效应会高估...     

爆炸成型弹丸侵彻靶板的数值仿真

基于LS-DYNA的动力学分析通用有限元程序,对爆炸成型弹丸形成和侵彻靶板过程进行了数值仿真。建立了数值仿真模型,利用数值模拟技术实现了弹丸的形成以及不同药型罩结构对爆炸成型弹丸形成的影响,实现了侵彻过程中弹丸的变形与靶板的破坏状况可视化,同时对仿真结果进行了分析。通过对爆炸成型弹丸侵彻靶板的数值仿真,为开展爆炸成型弹丸毁伤机理研究奠定了良好的基础。     

SPH算法在高速侵彻问题中的应用

采用光滑粒子流体动力学方法,数值模拟了弹丸高速侵彻靶板的过程。用黎曼问题中速度和压力的解代替基本粒子与近邻粒子速度和压力的平均值来描述粒子之间的相互作用,无需引入传统的人为粘性方法来处理冲击波过渡层。初步分析表明该数值模拟结果是合理的,因而所用数值方法对于冲击动力学问题的模拟是可行的。     

装药长径比对爆炸成型弹丸形成影响的数值模拟

采用LS-DYNA软件对带有外壳的爆炸成型弹丸(EFP)形成过程进行数值模拟。研究了装药长径比对EFP成形的影响规律,并对比分析了不同模型的计算结果差异,得出形成理想EFP外形和装药长径比之间的关系。研究结果可应用于EFP战斗部结构设计。     

装填条件对膨胀波火炮弹道设计评价标准的影响

膨胀波火炮利用发射过程中精确打开炮闩的方法实现了在不降低弹丸初速的前提下,大幅度减小火炮后坐的目的.采用经典内弹道理论对膨胀波火炮发射过程进行了建模与仿真,计算并分析了药室容积、装药量、弹丸质量等装填参数对膨胀波火炮有效功率、炮膛工作容积利用率和火药相对燃烧结束位置等弹道设计评价标准的影响规律,为膨胀波火炮弹药系统设计及实际应用提供了理论参考.     

旋转弹丸空气动力特性数值解法

为提高在弹道计算和弹丸设计中弹丸空气动力系数精度,采用隐式LU算法求解N S方程并考虑代数湍流模型,在旋转物面边界条件下计算弹丸的阻力、升力、俯仰力矩、滚转阻尼力矩、马格努斯力和力矩。通过对美国T388等弹丸的气动力系数计算并与弹道靶试验数据进行比较,以及对某榴弹的气动力计算结果在弹道计算中进行应用分析,表明用数值模拟得到的旋转弹丸空气动力系数好于以前用工程方法给出的结果。     

电磁发射超高速弹丸气动特性数值分析

采用数值计算方法研究了超高速弹丸的气动流场特性,重点分析了弹丸再入段的气动流场特性.利用风洞试验数据验证了S-A和k-ωSST湍流模型的预测精度,计算结果表明,在法向力预测上,两种湍流模型的预测精度较高,均在2％以内.在轴向力预测上,S-A湍流模型的预测精度较高,误差约为4.6％.当弹丸以大攻角再入时,弹丸横流效应较为...     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.