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61.
We study the environmental regulation of industrial activities that are organized as projects. Applications arise in construction, ship and aircraft building, and film making, among other industries. Relative to manufacturing, environmental regulation is different in project‐based industries, due to the uniqueness and geographical diversity of projects, and a lack of product takeback programs. Because the amount of waste and pollution generated by project companies can be large, regulators need environmental policies to ensure reduction of waste and pollution. We consider a regulator who attempts to maximize social welfare. We model this problem as a bilevel nonlinear program. The upper level regulator specifies waste reduction targets, which the lower level project companies meet using waste stream reduction and remediation of pollution, while attempting to control their project costs. We find that high waste diversion targets lead to outcomes with little pollution, but excessive project costs and only modest waste stream reduction. Projects that have lower task precedence density, or that have pollutants with different environmental impacts, show larger increases in project cost and time resulting from regulation. We describe a subsidy for waste stream reduction that coordinates the system, and we estimate the value of coordination. We also describe a bonus that encourages truthful reporting by project companies, and evaluate the relative cost and effectiveness of the subsidy and the bonus. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 228–247, 2015 相似文献
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弹簧作为引信中常用的储能源,是影响引信可靠性的重要零件,而引信失效会形成重大安全隐患。为了准确预估某引信弹簧贮存期间的可靠度变化,提出了一种基于修正Arrhenius模型的多元正态可靠性评估方法。以应力损失率和永久变形率作为性能参数,设计了恒定应力加速退化试验,获取弹簧在120℃、130℃、150℃和160℃下的退化数据,并采用Anderson-Darling统计量验证退化量的最优分布为正态分布。根据修正的Arrhenius方程,得到弹簧在贮存温度下的退化轨迹曲线。基于多元正态分布建立弹簧贮存可靠度模型,分析弹簧贮存期间的可靠度变化特点。通过与其他可靠度模型对比,该模型预估结果更准确,可为引信的视情维修提供依据。 相似文献
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提出一种基于双幂次组合函数趋近律的新型滑模控制方案。与现有的快速幂次或双幂次趋近律相比,具有更快的收敛速度,同时还保持了全局固定时间收敛特性,收敛时间上界与滑模初值无关。当系统存在有界扰动时,能够使滑模变量在有限时间内收敛到稳态误差界内,同时其稳态误差要小于现有方法的。仿真实验验证了该方法的有效性及理论分析的正确性。 相似文献
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针对红外观测站部署问题,在研究观测站位置对定位精度影响的基础上,提出了基于粒子群优化的观测站部署算法。首先对ECEF坐标系下的CRLB矩阵进行推导;然后将观测站优化部署问题抽象为非线性规划模型,并将红外传感器联合定位的CRLB作为目标函数;最后采用粒子群优化算法求解该模型,避免了传统的非线性规划算法需要求解目标函数梯度的难题。结果表明,本文的部署算法具有一定的理论依据和工程意义;可以为实际红外观测站的静态部署和动态部署提供参考。 相似文献
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Stochastic framework for partially degradation systems with continuous component degradation‐rate‐interactions 下载免费PDF全文
Many conventional models that characterize the reliability of multicomponent systems are developed on the premise that for a given system, the failures of its components are independent. Although this facilitates mathematical tractability, it may constitute a significant departure from what really takes place. In many real‐world applications, system components exhibit various degrees of interdependencies, which present significant challenges in predicting degradation performance and the remaining lifetimes of the individual components as well as the system at large. We focus on modeling the performance of interdependent components of networked systems that exhibit interactive degradation processes. Specifically, we focus on how the performance level of one component affects the degradation rates of other dependent components. This is achieved by using stochastic models to characterize how degradation‐based sensor signals associated with the components evolve over time. We consider “Continuous‐Type” component interactions that occur continuously over time. This type of degradation interaction exists in many applications, in which interdependencies occur on a continuum. We use a system of stochastic differential equations to capture such “Continuous‐Type” interaction. In addition, we utilize a Bayesian approach to update the proposed model using real‐time sensor signals observed in the field and provide more accurate estimation of component residual lifetimes. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 286–303, 2014 相似文献
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对基于非线性双稳系统随机共振的微弱信号检测技术进行数值研究,利用随机共振机制,浸入在噪声中的微弱信号可以得到有效的放大与增强。给出了基于Runge Kutta算法的双稳系统随机共振模型的求解方法,提出了利用随机共振检测微弱非周期信号的一种新思路。数值仿真结果表明,该方法不仅可以检测出强噪声极低频的微弱周期信号,而且可以对非周期信号进行有效的检测。 相似文献
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针对间隙非线性机翼颤振系统的亚临界问题,引入了非线性能量阱(nonlinear energy sink,NES)技术来提高系统发生极限环振荡的临界速度。建立了具有NES控制的间隙非线性机翼颤振系统动力学模型,并分析了质量比、频率比、阻尼比、相对位置等NES参数对颤振系统极限环振荡的抑制效果,以及NES参数对颤振系统极限环振荡临界速度的影响规律。结果表明,阻尼比越大,可以在越小的自振频率比情况下使系统进入稳定区,但需要更苛刻的NES位置要求,即越靠近机翼前缘;而阻尼比越小,则使颤振系统极限环振荡响应进入稳定区所需的NES质量越小。在NES位置靠近机翼前缘时,增大自振频率比会使极限环振荡抑制效果有明显的提升,而增大质量比可以显著提高极限环振荡的抑制效果和临界速度。此外,NES的阻尼比越小,其颤振系统的极限环振荡抑制效果越好。 相似文献