喷嘴结构对高压水射流影响及结构参数优化设计

喷嘴是产生高压水射流的关键部件,其结构形式对射流动力学性能有很大影响。以圆柱形喷嘴为对象,进行喷嘴结构对高压水射流的影响分析及结构参数优化设计。采用两相流计算流体力学模型进行喷嘴内外的射流流场分析。为节省计算资源,在优化设计时引入Kriging代理模型替代计算流体力学模型。分别采用改进的非劣分类遗传算法和基于分解的多目标进化算法进行单目标和多目标优化设计。研究结果表明:直线型喷嘴总体性能较优,凹型喷嘴的次之,凸型喷嘴性能最差。以直线型喷嘴为设计对象,以射流初始段长度和流量为目标,得到了单目标和多目标优化设计结果。单目标优化时,两个指标较基准外形分别提高14.71%和27.56%。多目标优化时,优化得到的半锥角处于[15.4°,89.8°]区间内。运用代理模型和进化算法的全局优化方法在进行喷嘴的优化设计时是有效的。     

面向多平台多目标协同跟踪的指派问题

针对多平台多目标协同跟踪中要求多个无人地面平台尽可能均匀地协同跟踪多个目标的特点,提出了改进的离散粒子群优化算法。首先采用连续型粒子群优化算法中的速度和位置迭代公式,然后对粒子位置进行离散编码,使粒子编码对应于可行的指派方案;其次,在优化算法中引入局部搜索,提高算法寻优性能。最后将所提算法应用于多平台多目标协同跟踪中的指派问题,并与未加入局部搜索的粒子群优化算法比较,仿真结果表明,加入局部搜索后的离散粒子群优化算法具有较好的寻优性能。     

频率匹配准则的某型机枪自动机结构参数优化

首先分析了影响某型重机枪射击精度的影响因素,并以武器频率匹配准则为依据,以建立的机枪动力学虚拟样机模型为平台,通过灵敏度分析,找出导气孔横截面积、活塞的有效横截面积、枪机框质量、枪机质量和枪机框缓冲簧刚度等参数是影响武器射击频率的主要因素;利用序列二次规划优化方法对自动机结构参数进行优化,优化仿真结果表明,武器的射向一致性得到明显提高,这对于武器结构方案优化设计,提高武器射击精度是至关重要的。     

飞机再次出动保障活动设计方法

飞机再次出动保障活动所需时间长短对提升飞机的作战效能至关重要,针对当前在飞机保障资源有限约束条件下,再次出动保障活动工期最短难以实现的难题,提出了基于分支切割法的再次出动保障活动时间优化方法。该方法以飞机再次出动保障活动所需时间最短为目标,以有限的保障人员和保障作业间逻辑关系为约束条件,可计算出时间最短的飞机再次出动保障活动具体流程,并用VB6.0编制成计算机程序,开发了飞机再次出动保障活动分析系统。最后,对某型飞机真实保障活动进行了实例分析,结果表明,使用该方法计算得到的结果准确、可靠,与实际保障情况相符,可为飞机再次出动保障与决策提供指导,提升保障活动的自动化水平,具有很好的工程应用价值。     

基于改进粒子群算法的MIMO雷达布阵优化

针对MIMO雷达收发阵列在给定阵元数和阵列孔径下的布阵优化问题,将一种改进的粒子群算法———二分粒子群算法用于非均匀对称直线阵的旁瓣优化。该算法以MIMO雷达联合收发波束为优化对象,对MIMO雷达发射和接收阵列同时进行了布阵优化。仿真实验表明,当阵元数和孔径大小确定时,该算法可以在保证主瓣不展宽的情况下,将旁瓣峰值控制在－21dB以下,且与现有方法的相比,收敛速度更快。该算法在MIMO雷达设计方面具有一定的理论参考意义。     

空中多飞行器飞行轨迹优化数值仿真

针对空中多飞行器在复杂环境中飞行轨迹的多目标最优问题,分析了多飞行器飞行过程中各种可视和不可视约束条件。基于在回避威胁区前提下燃料消耗最少、飞行时间最短的综合性能指标,采用“多方法组合”思路,提出了改进动态规划法和多点边值法组合算法,并进行了仿真验证,大量C＋＋数值飞行仿真结果表明该算法能够在考虑外界复杂环境和飞行器各种约束条件下快速规划出空中多飞行器的最优飞行轨迹,该组合算法具有一定的实用性和创新性。     

A novel modeling approach for express package carrier planning

Express package carrier networks have large numbers of heavily‐interconnected and tightly‐constrained resources, making the planning process difficult. A decision made in one area of the network can impact virtually any other area as well. Mathematical programming therefore seems like a logical approach to solving such problems, taking into account all of these interactions. The tight time windows and nonlinear cost functions of these systems, however, often make traditional approaches such as multicommodity flow formulations intractable. This is due to both the large number of constraints and the weakness of the linear programming (LP) relaxations arising in these formulations. To overcome these obstacles, we propose a model in which variables represent combinations of loads and their corresponding routings, rather than assigning individual loads to individual arcs in the network. In doing so, we incorporate much of the problem complexity implicitly within the variable definition, rather than explicitly within the constraints. This approach enables us to linearize the cost structure, strengthen the LP relaxation of the formulation, and drastically reduce the number of constraints. In addition, it greatly facilitates the inclusion of other stages of the (typically decomposed) planning process. We show how the use of templates, in place of traditional delayed column generation, allows us to identify promising candidate variables, ensuring high‐quality solutions in reasonable run times while also enabling the inclusion of additional operational considerations that would be difficult if not impossible to capture in a traditional approach. Computational results are presented using data from a major international package carrier. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008     

Optimal sensor placement for underwater threat detection

The optimization framework for optimal sensor placement for underwater threat detection has been developed. It considers single‐period and multiperiod detection models, each of which includes two components: detection algorithm and optimization problem for sensor placement. The detection algorithms for single‐period and multiperiod models are based on likelihood ratio and sequential testing, respectively. For the both models, the optimization problems use the principle of superadditive coverage, which is closely related to energy‐based and information‐based approaches. An algorithm for quasi‐regular sensor placement approximating solutions to the optimization problems has been developed based on corresponding continuous relaxations and a criterion for its applicability has been obtained. Numerical experiments have demonstrated that the algorithm consistently outperforms existing optimization techniques for optimal sensor placement.© 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008     

灰色局势决策理论在炮兵火力计划优选中的运用

为了解决炮兵火力计划选择的随意性和盲目性,提出了以灰色理论为基础,综合考虑炮兵火力计划的性质和拟制原则的优选方法;深入研究了局势决策在计划优选中的应用;最后举例说明了灰色局势决策理论在计划优选中的应用,进一步证明了其科学性和创新性,为优选决策提供了一种定量和定性相结合的新方法。