数据挖掘故障诊断专家系统

为了及时准确地对防空导弹飞行试验故障进行诊断,克服传统专家系统获取专家知识的瓶颈,立足于防空导弹飞行试验历史数据,利用数据挖掘的方法获得飞行试验故障模式判定决策树,进而得出导弹故障判定规则,形成故障诊断专家知识库,构建防空导弹故障诊断专家系统.这使数据挖掘和专家系统两者的优点得到充分发挥.     

Real-time prediction of projectile penetration to laminates by training machine learning models withfinite element solver as the trainer

Studies on ballistic penetration to laminates is complicated, but important for design effective protection of structures. Experimental means of study is expensive and can often be dangerous. Numerical simu-lation has been an excellent supplement, but the computation is time-consuming. Main aim of this thesis was to develop and test an effective tool for real-time prediction of projectile penetrations to laminates by training a neural network and a decision tree regression model. A large number of finite element models were developed;the residual velocities of projectiles fromfinite element simulations were used as the target data and processed to produce sufficient number of training samples. Study focused on steel 4340tpolyurea laminates with various configurations. Four different 3D shapes of the projectiles were modeled and used in the training. The trained neural network and decision tree model was tested using independently generated test samples using finite element models. The predicted projectile velocity values using the trained machine learning models are then compared with thefinite element simulation to verify the effectiveness of the models. Additionally, both models were trained using a published experimental data of projectile impacts to predict residual velocity of projectiles for the unseen samples. Performance of both the models was evaluated and compared. Models trained with Finite element simulation data samples were found capable to give more accurate predication, compared to the models trained with experimental data, becausefinite element modeling can generate much larger training set, and thus finite element solvers can serve as an excellent teacher. This study also showed that neural network model performs better with small experimental dataset compared to decision tree regression model.     

面向无人环境的机器人生态圈自主任务决策方法

借鉴自然界生态系统的典型特征,提出机器人生态圈概念。通过使集群机器人进行智能协同与复杂演化,涌现自我维持、自我复制与自我进化等生命特征,实现无人条件下的长期生存、繁衍与进化,并执行特定的任务。针对机器人生态圈典型任务场景的自主任务决策需求,分析不同机器学习任务决策方法的特点,建立机器人生态圈自主任务决策的决策树模型和神经网络模型。分析表明,两种模型的正确率均在80%~90%,且均具有良好的稳定性。这说明,机器人生态圈自主任务决策问题可以通过决策树、神经网络等机器学习方法来很好地加以解决,从而为面向无人化场景的任务应用提供技术支持。     

作战飞机可靠性与维修性仿真模型

通过故障树分析建立了作战飞机仿真逻辑关系。在修正线性同余法的基础上获得了随机数模型。在各设备故障发生状态和修复状态识别的基础上,建立了可靠性维修性仿真模型,确定了作战飞机在仿真过程中的工作状态,并根据故障模式影响分析预计了设备故障对作战飞机的影响。最后以F/A-18为例进行可靠性维修性仿真,获得了实时的故障信息和修复信息,验证了仿真模型的可行性。     

超算环境科学工作流应用的容错

超算环境中科学工作流技术广泛应用于科学研究和工程仿真领域。复杂多物理过程数值模拟、多阶段数据处理等应用往往需要使用多种应用软件相互协作,构建业务流程自动执行来提升工作效率。然而在超算环境中执行科学工作流应用面临着资源失效、任务配置错误等异常情况,造成工作流执行中断,严重影响完成效率,故容错功能对超算工作流应用的稳定持续运行有重要意义。介绍了科学工作流的容错设计分类,并对典型工作流系统的容错设计进行分析评述;提出了基于决策树的事件-条件-动作容错模型,设计了非侵入式可扩展的容错架构,并针对自主研发的部署在超算环境下的科学工作流应用平台HSWAP,实现了运行时可配置的容错策略。在实际的工程仿真任务中,基于所提出模型和架构实现的容错机制为提高工作流执行效率发挥了重要作用。     

A multi‐stage stochastic programming approach for network capacity expansion with multiple sources of capacity

In networks, there are often more than one sources of capacity. The capacities can be permanently or temporarily owned by the decision maker. Depending on the nature of sources, we identify the permanent capacity, spot market capacity, and contract capacity. We use a scenario tree to model the uncertainty, and build a multi‐stage stochastic integer program that can incorporate multiple sources and multiple types of capacities in a general network. We propose two solution methodologies for the problem. Firstly, we design an asymptotically convergent approximation algorithm. Secondly, we design a cutting plane algorithm based on Benders decomposition to find tight bounds for the problem. The numerical experiments show superb performance of the proposed algorithms compared with commercial software. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 600–614, 2017     

基于改进小波阈值的MEMS陀螺去噪方法

MEMS陀螺由于结构不完善而存在较大的随机误差,为了推进MEMS陀螺的实用化水平、提高测量精度,首先对MEMS陀螺进行了Allan方差分析,得到了MEMS陀螺随机误差的主要成分;然后通过分析软阈值函数和硬阈值函数在直线上的降噪结果,得到了两种阈值函数的缺陷,为了解决软阈值和硬阈值函数的问题,推导了改进的小波阈值函数。通过对比各种阈值函数和阈值量化准则的降噪效果,确定了最终的降噪方案,将此方案应用在陀螺的动静态输出中,使陀螺输出数据的稳定性提高了一个数量级,数据的平均值也更加接近真实值。     

基于改进LS-SVM的异步电机转子故障诊断

为了提高异步电动机转子故障的诊断精度,给出了一种基于改进最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)的多故障分类算法。首先运用FFT处理电机的定子电流信号得到信号频谱图,从中提取故障特征向量;然后将特征向量送入改进算法进行故障诊断时,在原有多分类算法的基础上引入层次分析法确定故障类别的权重,根据权重值确定故障的诊断顺序,依次进行故障分类。实验表明,改进算法用于故障诊断节省了诊断时间,提高了诊断精度,具有很好的推广前景。     

65 nm工艺双层三维静态存储器的软错误分析与评估

新兴的三维静态存储器将代替二维静态存储器被广泛用于高性能微处理器中,但它依然会受到软错误的危害。为了能够快速、自动分析多层管芯堆叠结构的三维静态存储器软错误特性,搭建了三维静态存储器软错误分析平台。利用该平台对以字线划分设计的三维静态存储器和同等规模的二维静态存储器分别进行软错误分析,并对分析结果进行对比。研究结果表明二维和三维静态存储器的翻转截面几乎相同,但三维静态存储器单个字中发生的软错误要比二维静态存储器更严重,导致难以使用纠检错技术对其进行加固。静态模式下二维和三维静态存储器敏感节点均分布于存储阵列中,表明静态模式下逻辑电路不会引发软错误。     

故障树分析法及其在系统可靠性分析中的应用

在现代装备设计中,可靠性已成为与性能同等重要的设计要求,并对装备的作战能力、生存力、部署机动性、维修人力和使用保障费用产生重要的影响。针对目前装备复杂系统可靠性研究,借鉴故障树分析法进行分析与运算,并介绍了故障树分析法相关理论与数学描述,最后通过实例对某型装备动力系统的可靠性进行了定量分析。结果表明,故障树分析法是一种能够较为准确分析装备系统可靠性的方法,是设计人员评估和改善其可靠性的有利工具。