Theoretical and numerical investigations on the headspace of cartridge cases considering axial deformation and movement

The cartridge case headspace is the axial clearance between the cartridge and bolt of an automatic weapon, and influences the reliability and security of the weapon. Accordingly, theoretical and numerical studies were conducted to analyze the dynamic response of cartridge cases during internal impact considering the initial radial clearances between the cartridge case and chamber. A theoretical model was proposed to predict the cartridge case headspace considering both the deformation and movement of the cartridge case and confirmed by the results of nonlinear finite element simulations. The differences between the results of the conventional static model and the dynamic model were then comprehensively evaluated. The effects of the angle between the cartridge and chamber, the cartridge case material, and the internal impact pressure on the predicted headspace value were also analyzed. The dynamic response of the cartridge case predicted by the dynamic model was more accurate than that predicted by the conventional static model. The internal impact pressure, pressure change rate, and cartridge material were all found to affect the predicted headspace.     

测试轮直径对路面不平度测试精度的影响

在加速度信号的路面不平度测量过程中,由于测试轮的几何外形对路面的滤波作用,会对功率谱密度的测量产生误差。为解决这一问题,在仿真环境下,通过测量在给定路面等级的随机路上行驶的测试装置测试轮的响应,研究不同直径的测试轮对同一路面不平度的滤波作用,分析其影响关系,从而为路面不平度测试装置测试轮轮径的选择提供参考。     

Approximating the nondominated frontiers of multi‐objective combinatorial optimization problems

Finding all nondominated vectors for multi‐objective combinatorial optimization (MOCO) problems is computationally very hard in general. We approximate the nondominated frontiers of MOCO problems by fitting smooth hypersurfaces. For a given problem, we fit the hypersurface using a single nondominated reference vector. We experiment with different types of MOCO problems and demonstrate that in all cases the fitted hypersurfaces approximate all nondominated vectors well. We discuss that such an approximation is useful to find the neighborhood of preferred regions of the nondominated vectors with very little computational effort. Further computational effort can then be spent in the identified region to find the actual nondominated vectors the decision maker will prefer. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2009     

某两栖车绕流场数值模拟研究及外形优化分析

运用多块混合网格,采用RNG湍流模型、流体体积法(VOF)和PISO算法对某型两栖侦察车带自由表面的粘性绕流场进行了数值模拟研究,数值方法采用相关试验数据进行了验证,误差在9%以内.针对模拟结果显示的影响其水动力特性的主要结构部位和外形参数进行了优化,并计算分析了轮穴、车体切角、车轮状态以及车首导流板对两栖车航行性能的影响.计算结果表明,改进后的车体绕流场特性得到了较大的改善,航速10km/h时减阻效果可达原车总阻力的69.2%,有效地提高了某型两栖侦察车的航行性能.     

高能微脉冲表面强化修复45CrNiMoVA传动轴性能试验研究

针对某大型船用传动轴工作轴颈表面产生腐蚀坑的问题,采用高能微脉冲表面强化修复技术对试验样轴进行修复。通过拉伸试验筛选了焊丝,采用光学显微镜和显微硬度计分析了修复层的显微组织和硬度,研究了扭转条件下修复层与基体的结合强度。结果表明:Ni-818焊丝修复层与基体的结合强度高,抗拉强度为557MPa;修复层显微组织均匀、致密,硬度差异小;当扭矩为200N.m,且表面最大剪应力为438MPa时,修复层和基体之间结合良好。由此得出结论:采用高能微脉冲表面强化修复技术,使用Ni-818焊丝可实现对45CrNiMoVA传动轴的表面强化修复。     

基于定点剪出法抗滑桩滑坡推力分布形式的确定

针对现有滑坡推力分布假设为三角形、矩形或梯形等不合理现状，提出基于定点剪出假设确定滑坡推力分布的方法。在不平衡推力法的基础上，分析桩身若干点以上潜在滑体稳定性对滑坡推力的影响，然后在相邻段滑坡推力分布为线性的条件下，计算全桩若干点处滑坡推力的分布值。结果表明，定点剪出潜在滑体的稳定性对滑坡推力分布影响较大，若该稳定系数大于工程安全要求时，则无滑坡推力产生，若该稳定系数小于工程安全要求且相邻段稳定系数相差较大时，滑坡推力分布将会产生突变。最后通过一个边坡支护桩滑坡推力分布的工程实例，对该理论分析的合理性进行了说明。且在抗滑桩结构设计中，可根据桩身若干点滑坡推力分布值，采用变截面配筋，以节省工程投资。     

自由曲面逆向工程系统的设计

以通用CAD软件AutoCAD为平台,设计开发了自由曲面逆向工程系统,给出了系统总体方案和组成结构,并阐述了系统关键技术及具体实现方法。该设计对基于通用软件平台的曲面CAD系统的开发具有较好的参考意义。     

应用细小离子束加工小型精密光学零件

随着现代光学技术的发展,全频段误差控制已成为高精度光学零件制造的一个基本要求.基于小磨头抛光原理的先进修形技术虽然能有效修正低频面形误差,但对于中高频段的面形误差难以修正.中高频误差成为了现代光学加工普遍关注的难点.理论研究表明,减小小磨头尺寸可以提高工艺对中高频误差的修正能力,进一步提高光学加工精度.本文针对中高频面形误差的控制问题,开展细小离子束修形工艺研究,研究了获取小束径离子束的引束机理和引束结构,初步实现了稳定的细小离子束,针对某小型精密光学元件的具体加工问题,仿真研究了不同束径的加工效率和加工残差,并选择最优束径对元件进行了加工试验,使元件的精度从初始的0.111λrms减小到了0.015λrms(λ=632.8nm).     

水面舰艇对鱼雷防御决策仿真分析

如何对来袭鱼雷进行防御成为水面舰艇对潜防御作战的重中之重.根据世界主要海军国家普遍装备的火箭助飞声诱饵的使用原理、基本战技性能,结合"线导+声自导"鱼雷的作战过程,仔细分析了水面舰艇对抗鱼雷的作战态势,通过大量的仿真计算得出火箭助飞声诱饵的最佳使用方式以及舰艇的机动方法.     

India’s nuclear counter-revolution: nuclear learning and the future of deterrence

ABSTRACT

The India–Pakistan near war of February–March 2019 highlights India’s ongoing evolution in strategic thought and practice since its emergence in 1998 as an overt nuclear-weapon possessor. These changes, involving an increasing willingness to engage in the intentional escalation of conflict with a nuclear-armed rival willing to be the first to use nuclear weapons, challenge certain academic assumptions about the behavior of nuclear-weapon states. In particular, they undermine the expectations of the nuclear-revolution theory—which anticipates nuclear and conventional restraint among nuclear-armed rivals through fear of mutual assured destruction—and the model of nuclear learning which underpins this theory, in which new nuclear-weapon states gradually absorb this restraint through policy-maker learning. This article explores how India’s learning pathway since 1998 has deviated from these expectations. India is instead pursuing its own “revolution,” in the direction of creating capabilities for flexible response and escalation dominance. It concludes by illuminating the similarities between Indian strategic behavior and contemporary practices of other nuclear-armed states, and suggests that New Delhi’s emerging de facto nuclear doctrine and posture is part of a broader empirical challenge to our current conceptions of the nuclear revolution and of nuclear learning.