Inequality‐based reliability estimates for complex systems

Full‐system testing for large‐scale systems is often infeasible or very costly. Thus, when estimating system reliability, it is desirable to use a method that uses subsystem tests, which are often less expensive and more feasible. This article presents a method for bounding full‐system reliabilities based on subsystem tests and, if available, full‐system tests. The method does not require that subsystems be independent. It accounts for dependencies through the use of certain probability inequalities. The inequalities provide the basis for valid reliability calculations while not requiring independent subsystems or full‐system tests. The inequalities allow for test information on pairwise subsystem failure modes to be incorporated, thereby improving the bound on system reliability. We illustrate some of the properties of the estimates via an example application. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2013     

Notes on contributors

In 1897 and 1898, Winston Churchill participated in what late Victorian Britain termed ‘small wars’, first on India's northwest frontier and then in the vast wasteland of the Sudan. Churchill chronicled his experiences in these conflicts in personal letters, dispatches to newspapers, and in his first two books, The Story of the Malakand Field Force and The River War. These writings provide a snapshot of a particular period in the formative years of the great statesman, demonstrating through Churchill's eloquent analyses many of the contradictions concerning the conduct of small wars that have emerged in the present era.     

PXI计算机在一体化多模式发控系统中的应用

针对一体化火控系统的特殊性,提出了基于PXI计算机的发控技术,介绍了PXI总线计算机在一体化火控系统中的设计理念及其在一体化火控系统中的功能实现.应用表明,PXI计算机在火控系统测控领域具有广阔的应用前景.     

基于压缩估计的单星观测定轨方法研究

分析了单星观测模式下的天基测控系统的可行性,并针对该观测模式下轨道确定中法矩阵的特点,提出了一种基于压缩估计的定轨方法,该方法对法矩阵进行变换,避免了法矩阵奇异造成的误差传递。证明了当满足一定条件时,该压缩方法的估计精度要高于传统的定轨方法。并结合单星观测的特殊性,提出了误差传递因子,设计了单星观测下的压缩估计定轨算法。最后以单星模式下的天基测控系统作为仿真背景进行了仿真试验。结果表明,该压缩估计可有效提高单星观测模式下的轨道确定精度。     

基于倾斜开关曲线的小推力器姿态控制方法分析与准极限环控制方法

研究了利用小推力器进行航天器姿态控制问题。从理论上推导了在给定姿态控制精度、小推力器参数以及倾斜开关曲线参数的前提下,能够形成理想极限环控制效果的充分必要条件。对相关文献中倾斜开关曲线设计方法不能形成理想极限环的情况进行了理论分析,提出了一种新的基于倾斜开关曲线的准极限环控制方法,并推导了其控制精度。研究对于航天器应用小推力器实现高精度姿态控制具有较大的工程应用价值。     

高校课堂问题行为产生原因及解决措施

高校课堂问题行为在高校课堂教学中比较普遍,课堂问题行为具有一定的特征和不同的表现形式,分析了课堂问题行为产生的原因,并从营造良好的课堂行为、控制课堂问题行为、建立良好的师生关系等方面提出了应对课堂问题行为的有效措施.     

Insights from a Database of Lashkar-e-Taiba and Hizb-ul-Mujahideen Militants

This article uses a novel database of 1,625 posthumously published biographies of members of two Islamist militant organizations (Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT) and Hizb-ul-Mujahideen (HM)), all of whom were killed in the course of carrying out militant attacks. In general, each biography provides data on the militant’s birthplace, education, recruitment, and training. The number of observations in this database is a full order of magnitude larger than those of previous databases assembled from militant biographies. While the sample of militants in this database is the product of multiple selection effects, analysis of the database undermines many common myths about Pakistani militants and casts doubt on current policy approaches to mitigating Islamist militancy in Pakistan.     

The Israel Defense Forces as an epistemic authority: An intellectual challenge in the reality of the Israeli – Palestinian conflict

The changes in the nature of warfare and its transformation toward Low Intensity Conflict (LIC) intrastate conflict have challenged the patterns of interaction between the political and the military echelons in Israel. It seems that the political echelon's superiority is maintained at the institutional and formal levels, but on the substantive level, which demands relying on knowledge and systematic staff work, the political echelon's position is weakened and loses its validity.

Introducing the military echelon in Israel as an epistemic authority regarding the violent confrontation and the main outlines of the military knowledge development process might clarify why the absence of the required dialogue between the echelons and the weakness of the intellectual effort increased the military's influence over the shaping of Israeli conflict-management strategy. The argument's validity and its explanatory power can be found relevant for other countries whose militaries are deeply involved in the management of LIC.     

卫星导航接收机中积分清零器的性能分析

为了使跟踪环路得到最高的输入信噪比,卫星导航接收机在时延估计时应使用匹配滤波器。但出于节省硬件资源的考虑,卫星导航接收机通常采用积分清零器完成相关运算。然而积分清零器相对于匹配滤波器存在性能损耗,对此目前尚无量化的结论。本文推导出积分清零器性能损耗的解析表达式,并使用Monte Carlo仿真的方法验证结论的正确性。理论和仿真结果表明当采样率为2倍的前端带宽时,积分清零器相比匹配滤波存在约0.44dB的损耗,当采样率提高到4倍信号带宽时,积分清零器的性能损耗几乎可以忽略。该结论对卫星导航接收机的设计具有重要的意义。     

“能打仗、打胜仗”的语言学特征和军事语用效果

“能打仗、打胜仗”体现了党和国家对军队的新要求,成为近来被广泛使用的一个军语。它呈现了鲜明的语音韵律、语义逻辑关联和语法上的递进复句关系。“能打仗、打胜仗”的语言表述形式具有深刻的军事语用效果,在话语中增强了部队勇往直前的战斗士气、步调一致的战斗作风和能打胜仗的战斗决心。