Protection of armoured vehicles against chemical,biological and radiological contamination

The article presents problems related to mechanical protection of vehicles with different add-on armours against chemical,biological and radiological contamination.This applies to vehicles with additional passive,reactive and hybrid protection in the form of cassettes against piercing with anti-tank pro-jectiles,piercing with their kinetic energy of impact,and as a result of chemical energy of shaped charges as well as explosively formed projectiles.It has been shown how increased ballistic protection of these vehicles at the same time reduces their decontaminability in various places of the vehicle due to the increased additional surface of the vehicle with cassettes.Prevention of contamination of these cassettes has been presented as a way of reducing hard to reach surface for decontamination and a method of insulating construction elements(stands),fixing these cassettes to the vehicle,from the environment to prevent contact with contaminated liquids and dusts.The selection of appropriate materials is shown,which may affect the improvement of the decontamination efficiency of the vehicle with such cassettes.This applies to the use of materials with low absorption of chemical warfare agents,which prevent the accumulation of large amounts of these agents on contaminated surfaces and improve the effectiveness of decontamination.It also shows how to ensure better access of the disinfectant to as much of the vehicle surface as possible,covered with cassettes that have been contaminated.It shows how a vehicle,in particular with such cassettes,can provide protection against radar detection when Radar Absorbent Material is used on vehicle cassettes.     

Improving the damage potential of W-Zr reactive structure material under extreme loading condition

Projectiles made of reactive structure materials(RSM)can damage the target with not only kinetic but also chemical energy,but the enhanced damage potential of RSM may become compromised if extreme loading condition disintegrates the projectile before the target is reached.In this work,a ductile coating of Ni was introduced to a tungsten-zirconium(W-Zr)alloy,a typical brittle RSM,to preserve the damage potential of the projectile.Detonation driving tests were carried out with X-ray photography and gun-powder deflagration driving tests were carried out with high-speed photography for the coated and uncoated RSM samples,respectively.The craters on the witness target were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.The Ni coating was found to effectively preserve the damage potential of the W-Zr alloy under extreme loading conditions,whereas the uncoated sample fractured and ignited before impacting the target in both detonation and deflagration driving.The crack propa-gation between the reactively brittle core and the ductile coating was analyzed based on the crack arrest theory to mechanistically demonstrate how the coating improves the structural integrity and preserves the damage potential of the projectile.Specifically,the Ni coating envelops the W-Zr core until the coated sphere penetrates the target,and the coating is then eroded and worn to release the reactive core for the projectile to damage the target more intensively.     

复合材料层合结构的非线性传热分析

基于一阶热层合理论,考虑材料非线性的影响,建立了复合材料层合结构非线性传热分析的热层合理论及其有限元方程.通过数值算例研究了材料非线性对反对称复合材料层合板瞬态温度场的影响.     

硬脆材料的缓进给半塑性化磨削

分析了用缓进给方法实现硬脆材料半塑性化磨削的机理，提出了衡量半塑性化磨削效果的破碎率指标，介绍了实验方法和实验结果，对实验结果进行了分析比较。实验结果表明，在普通磨床上可实现硬脆材料的半塑性化磨削，采用缓进给磨削方法可以显著地提高半塑性化磨削的效果。     

某型锅炉蒸发管束选材方案的探讨

通过对КВΓ－７６型锅炉蒸发管束强度计算的分析验算,发现原设计在某些参数的选取上存在明显的误差,导致选材要求过高．经过论证,得出可用普通碳素钢管替代低合金钢管的结论．     

精密磨床主轴新型轴承系统工作机理的研究

圆锥多油楔动压滑动轴承系统是精密磨床主轴的一种新型支承结构,本文通过建立圆锥极坐标系,导出圆锥极坐标雷诺方程和对不可导边界的有效处理,提出了适用于锥轴承分析的方法并给出了相应计算程序。分析和计算的结果表明:工作间隙的自动调节是轴承最重要的特征,油楔深度和弹簧预紧力是影响轴承性能的主要参数,合理选择此二参数,可使轴承获得普通圆柱轴承难以达到的优良性能。     

抗超高速撞击多层结构复合材料研究

本文介绍了抗超高速撞击多层结构复合材料的设计、制备和实验,并对结果进行了讨论,实验证明,以SiC陶瓷基复合材料为防护层、以空心微珠或多孔变密度复合材料为缓冲层、以编织物复合材料为结构层的多层结构复合材料,具有面密度低、抗撞击速度范围宽、抗撞击性能好的特点。     

抗磨添加剂与电弧喷涂耐磨涂层间的协同效应

研究了2种φ2mm粉芯丝材电弧喷涂Fe-Cr-Ni涂层和7Crl3涂层以及与2种典型润滑油抗磨添加剂的协同效应,并借助X光电子能谱(XPS)研究了其协同作用机理.结果表明DBP和ZDDP润滑油抗磨添加剂能明显地改善电弧喷涂Fe-Cr-Ni涂层和7Cr13涂层的抗磨性.添加剂DBP能显著地降低2种电弧喷涂涂层/GCr15摩擦副的摩擦系数,但ZDDP抗磨添加u剂的减摩效果不太显著.在含DBP和ZDDP添加剂油润滑条件下,涂层磨痕表面形成了摩擦化学反应膜.     

装甲装备技术保障数据仓库的规划与设计

针对全军装甲装备技术保障信息系统的开发,划分了系统的层次结构,提出了建立技术保障数据仓库的概念,并结合现有各个技术保障信息管理子系统模型,具体规划了面向决策分析的技术保障数据仓库的模型,研究了其实现方法.     

不同热解温度石英杂化酚醛复合材料渗透率测试

为得到不同温度下石英杂化酚醛材料的渗透率,自主搭建了材料气体渗透率测试平台,提出基于Darcy定律的复合材料气体渗透率的测试方法。对不同温度下石英杂化材料进行研究,测量渗透过程中试验件上下表面气体压力变化和流过试验件的气体流量,进而得到复合材料的渗透率。结果表明:该实验平台可以用来测量复杂孔隙复合材料的渗透率。石英杂化酚醛材料渗透率与热解温度呈正相关,热解温度越高,复合材料的渗透率越大,材料渗透率和热解温度满足关系式K=9.5×10-15T-6.32×10-12。673 K热解温度下,复合材料渗透率为10-13 m²量级;873 K和1 073 K热解温度下,其渗透率在10-12 m²量级。本试验结果丰富了该类树脂基复合材料的基础物性数据,为材料渗透和热质扩散特性分析提供了依据。