Investigation on the process parameters of TIG-welded aluminum alloy through mechanical and microstructural characterization

Multi-pass TIG welding was conducted on plates (15×300×180 mm3) of aluminum alloy Al-5083 that usually serves as the component material in structural applications such as cryogenics and chemical processing industries. Porosity formation and solidification cracking are the most common defects when TIG welding Al-5083 alloy, which is sensitive to the welding heat input. In the experiment, the heat input was varied from 0.89 kJ/mm to 5 kJ/mm designed by the combination of welding torch travel speed and welding current. Tensile, micro-Vicker hardness and Charpy impact tests were executed to witness the impetus response of heat input on the mechanical properties of the joints. Radiographic inspection was performed to assess the joint's quality and welding defects. The results show that all the specimens displayed inferior mechanical properties as compared to the base alloy. It was established that porosity was progressively abridged by the increase of heat input. The results also clinched that the use of me-dium heat input (1-2 kJ/mm) offered the best mechanical properties by eradicating welding defects, in which only about 18.26% of strength was lost. The yield strength of all the welded specimens remained unaffected indicated no influence of heat input. Partially melted zone (PMZ) width also affected by heat input, which became widened with the increase of heat input. The grain size of PMZ was found to be coarser than the respective grain size in the fusion zone. Charpy impact testing revealed that the absorbed energy by low heat input specimen (welded at high speed) was greater than that of high heat input (welded at low speed) because of low porosity and the formation of equiaxed grains which induce better impact toughness. Cryogenic (-196 C) impact testing was also performed and the results corroborate that impact properties under the cryogenic environment revealed no appreciable change after welding at designated heat input. Finally, Macro and micro fractured surfaces of tensile and impact specimens were analyzed using Stereo and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), which have supported the experimental findings.     

基于SMC的红外序列图像目标检测算法

提出一种海天背景下红外序列图像自动目标检测算法。该算法针对输入图像严重的非高斯分布噪声干扰和目标在序列图像中的非线性运动特性,基于SMC(Sequence Monte Carlo)方法通过目标的特征统计值影响蒙特卡罗采样的粒子权值,再利用该权值控制粒子状态变化,最终在目标特征图像中检测和跟踪目标,使用差分图像作为特征图像。试验结果证明,该算法可准确有效地检测目标,适合快速处理的实时性。     

中口径舰炮对空闭环校射

首先建立了中口径舰炮武器系统对空闭环校射数学模型,比较新颖地解决了波门指示、弹序判别、滤波方法、脱靶量的求取和预测以及漏测弹丸的措施等一系列问题,通过仿真模拟明显地提高了系统精度和命中率,并使其工程化嵌入某型航炮系统,在工程上得以实现     

动态飞行求解双35标准值方法

通过顺解法,利用录取的目标现在点数据,已知的射表数据及对有关偏差量的修正,可求解出斜距离４５００ｍ,高低角０°至８４°范围内的标准值     

A sequential partial information bomber-defender shooting problem

A bomber carrying homogenous weapons sequentially engages ground targets capable of retaliation. Upon reaching a target, the bomber may fire a weapon at it. If the target survives the direct fire, it can either return fire or choose to hold fire (play dead). If the former occurs, the bomber is immediately made aware that the target is alive. If no return fire is seen, the true status of the target is unknown to the bomber. After the current engagement, the bomber, if still alive, can either re-engage the same target or move on to the next target in the sequence. The bomber seeks to maximize the expected cumulative damage it can inflict on the targets. We solve the perfect and partial information problems, where a target always fires back and sometimes fires back respectively using stochastic dynamic programming. The perfect information scenario yields an appealing threshold based bombing policy. Indeed, the marginal future reward is the threshold at which the control policy switches and furthermore, the threshold is monotonic decreasing with the number of weapons left with the bomber and monotonic nondecreasing with the number of targets left in the mission. For the partial information scenario, we show via a counterexample that the marginal future reward is not the threshold at which the control switches. In light of the negative result, we provide an appealing threshold based heuristic instead. Finally, we address the partial information game, where the target can choose to fire back and establish the Nash equilibrium strategies for a representative two target scenario.     

一种基于分组序贯的红外弱小点目标跟踪方法

针对红外序列图像中运动弱小点目标的检测跟踪问题,在多假设跟踪算法(MHT)的基础上提出了一种分组序贯的思想.基于这种思想,给出了一种多组独立检测法.对这种方法进行仿真,并与多级假设检验的截断序贯处理算法进行比较.实验结果证明在相同虚警概率情况下多组独立检测法的检测概率与截断序贯处理算法的检测概率相近,但运算量要远小于后者.     

模糊决策融合的红外弱小目标序列检测

针对红外序列图像中运动弱小点目标的检测问题,重点研究序列关联检测算法.在多帧关联检测的基础上,引入决策融合概念,建立了基于模糊决策融合的序列关联检测方法.基于贝叶斯最小风险准则建立分布式决策模糊融合方法,有效融合单帧检测的结果,提高序列检测算法的性能.实测数据的实验结果验证了基于贝叶斯最小风险准则的分布式决策模糊融合方法的可行性和有效性.     

Approximation algorithms for sequential batch‐testing of series systems

We introduce and study a generalization of the classic sequential testing problem, asking to identify the correct state of a given series system that consists of independent stochastic components. In this setting, costly tests are required to examine the state of individual components, which are sequentially tested until the correct system state can be uniquely identified. The goal is to propose a policy that minimizes the expected testing cost, given a‐priori probabilistic information on the stochastic nature of each individual component. Unlike the classic setting, where variables are tested one after the other, we allow multiple tests to be conducted simultaneously, at the expense of incurring an additional set‐up cost. The main contribution of this article consists in showing that the batch testing problem can be approximated in polynomial time within factor , for any fixed . In addition, we explain how, in spite of its highly nonlinear objective function, the batch testing problem can be formulated as an approximate integer program of polynomial size, while blowing up its expected cost by a factor of at most . Finally, we conduct extensive computational experiments, to demonstrate the practical effectiveness of these algorithms as well as to evaluate their limitations. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 275–286, 2016     

Doubly Stochastic Sequential Assignment Problem

This article introduces the Doubly Stochastic Sequential Assignment Problem (DSSAP), an extension of the Sequential Stochastic Assignment Problem (SSAP), where sequentially arriving tasks are assigned to workers with random success rates. A given number of tasks arrive sequentially, each with a random value coming from a known distribution. On a task arrival, it must be assigned to one of the available workers, each with a random success rate coming from a known distribution. Optimal assignment policies are proposed for DSSAP under various assumptions on the random success rates. The optimal assignment algorithm for the general case of DSSAP, where workers have distinct success rate distribution, has an exponential running time. An approximation algorithm that achieves a fraction of the maximum total expected reward in a polynomial time is proposed. The results are illustrated by several numerical experiments. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 124–137, 2016     

无电焊接热循环测试研究

利用热电偶测试了无电焊接过程中同一厚度钢板不同位置、不同厚度钢板同一位置处的焊接热循环曲线,探讨了无电焊接热循环规律及焊接母材厚度对无电焊接热循环的影响。研究表明：无电焊接时,焊件上不同位置点的热循环曲线与电弧焊基本相似。但相较而言,无电焊接在加热阶段的升温速度与冷却阶段的降温速度均显著小于电弧焊。无电焊接过程中,焊件上离焊缝中心线越近,其升温速度越大,峰值温度越高,冷却速度也越大,这一变化规律与电弧焊时完全一致。无电焊接时,焊接热量沿横向的传热速度远大于其沿纵向的传热速度,这使得焊件厚度对无电焊接的影响较为显著,也是焊件厚度增加将导致焊接难度显著增大的根本原因。