Controlled warfare: how directed-energy weapons will enable the US Military to fight effectively in an urban environment while minimizing collateral damage

US military operations are increasingly conducted within urban environments and with these operations come the risk of increasing the number of civilian casualties and infrastructure damage. The use of non-lethal weaponry, such as directed-energy weapons, is one method for minimizing collateral damage. This method enables US military forces to effectively fight within urban environments through force escalation capabilities. Using a series of historical examples and future scenarios for urban warfare, this article highlights deficiencies affecting military capabilities in military urban operations, addresses the consequences of collateral damage, assesses the effectiveness of directed-energy weapons in military urban operations and encourages further funding, research and integration of non-lethal weaponry, such as directed-energy weapons, within the US military.     

BEYOND DECLARATIONS OF INTENT

This essay explores the obligations arising from the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organised Crime, signed in Palermo, Italy at the end of 2000. It also discusses the initiatives required to prepare the legal system and related infrastructure of Zimbabwe for its implementation. Zimbabwe joined more than 120 other countries in signing the Palermo convention, but has not yet ratified it. The ratification would enshrine the latest initiatives to develop effective strategies against transnational organised crime. The Palermo convention makes demands on the laws and institutions of states parties which could enhance their capacity to confront organised crime. Ratification signifies competence to implement the prescribed obligations, which can only occur after introducing suitable domestic laws, and adopting the necessary administrative mechanisms. The required reforms are bound to have certain policy and legislative implications for Zimbabwe. Regional initiatives complementary to the Palermo convention are expected to catalyse positive changes in Zimbabwe's response mechanisms.     

大型舰艇系统破损失效概率计算

对于大型舰船,多次命中和结构防护成为破损失效概率计算的主要问题,该文通过对各种算法的比较和研究,综合了逻辑代数法、网格积分法和蒙特卡罗随机模拟法的优点,较好地解决了这些问题,得到了满意的计算结果。     

基于装备损伤概率的舰艇动力系统安全性分析

考虑舰艇损害管制过程中人员因素对系统的影响,运用马尔科夫链对人员操作引起的舰艇动力系统损伤概率进行修正,根据修正后的毁伤概率,建立概率危险性评估模型,引入危险度指标,对动力系统在遭受武器攻击情况下的危险度进行了计算,并依据计算结果对系统安全度进行评定。     

武器装备战斗损伤研究

以“通用武器雷达装备战损规律研究”成果为基础,系统阐述了开展武器装备战斗损伤研究的方法体系,介绍了战斗损伤建模与仿真、装备战斗损伤机理研究、装备战斗损伤分析、战斗损伤试验的相关技术和方法。     

冲击波在多层结构中的传播

对水下冲击载荷在多层结构中的传播规律进行了理论分析,根据分界面上的应力和速度连续性条件得到透射波强度的解析表达式.从理论分析可以看出,舰船结构的多层防护体系对于减少爆炸冲击的损伤具有重要的作用,防护结构的波阻抗越大,防护的效果越好,这种方法可应用于多层防护结构在远场爆炸冲击波作用下的毁伤或防护方面的预测.     

论环境侵权民事责任的构成要件

随着社会经济的发展,环境污染已成为一个不能回避的社会话题。国家要想在将来寻求长远的发展,必须在现有立法的基础上,进一步完善环境保护的法律机制,从而实现社会的和谐。从环境侵权民事责任构成要件角度出发,阐述了如何保护受害人的合法权益,如何在经济发展的同时从根本上正确处理人与自然环境之间的关系。     

Integrated production scheduling and preventive maintenance planning for a single machine under a cumulative damage failure process

This paper finds the optimal integrated production schedule and preventive maintenance plan for a single machine exposed under a cumulative damage process, and investigates how the optimal preventive maintenance plan interacts with the optimal production schedule. The goal is to minimize the total tardiness. The optimal policy possesses the following properties: Under arbitrary maintenance plan when jobs have common processing time, and different due dates, the optimal production schedule is to order the jobs by earliest due date first rule; and when jobs have common due date and different processing times, the optimal production schedule is shortest processing time first. The optimal maintenance plan is of control limit type under any arbitrary production schedule when machine is exposed under a cumulative damage failure process. Numerical studies on the optimal maintenance control limit of the maintenance plan indicate that as the number of jobs to be scheduled increases, the effect of jobs due dates on the optimal maintenance control limit diminishes. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007     

系统目标毁伤效果指标建模方法探讨

探讨常规导弹打击目标类群中系统目标的毁伤效果指标的建模方法。在对毁伤效果指标、毁伤意图、目标易损性等概念进行深入分析基础上,提出基于目标功能易损性的系统目标毁伤效果指标建模的思想。根据系统目标功能受损情况,归纳出三类毁伤效果指标常用的建模方法:效能模型、失效模型及基于毁伤的保障度模型。举例说明了方法的有效性,可为导弹武器攻击效能评估、耗弹量计算和瞄准点选择等提供定量决策依据。     

装备战损量的兰彻斯特方程预计方法*

针对装备战损量预计这一未来作战装备保障必须解决的核心问题,运用兰彻斯特方程探讨解决途径。从分析影响装备战损的因素出发,综合讨论目前预计装备战损量的方法,提出基于指数多元兰彻斯特方程的装备战损量预计模型和模型中毁伤能力系数的确定方法,得到了装备战损量的兰彻斯特方程预计方法,并举例验证。该方法将经验计算与模拟计算相结合,用较简单的确定性解析方程描述所考虑因素对装备战损量的客观约束关系,较好地满足了未来信息化条件下作战装备战损量预计的需要。