A critical look at the U.S. deceased‐donor organ procurement and utilization system

The U.S. system for procuring and utilizing deceased‐donor organs for transplantation has been studied and written about in many articles. The purpose of this paper is to examine the interactions between the elements that comprise this system, and point out improvement opportunities that may be affected through operations research/management techniques. The authors demonstrate the need for developing data‐driven and analytic tools. In fact, data is used to generate hypotheses and support claims throughout the paper. The paper also points out the need to fully leverage data that is available to researchers, and to seek data that is currently not deposited in a centralized archive.     

基于多智能体的反导传感器任务规划算法

首先探讨了反导作战中各类传感器资源的构成特点和功能划分,然后基于多智能体multy-agent system(MAS)的分布式人工智能技术提出了适应反导作战需求的传感器任务规划体系架构,既而深入分析了体系架构中各类agent的主要功能,最后给出了一个实体层传感器的任务规划流程和算法实例,为构建高效率、智能化的反导作战多传感器任务规划技术提供了一种有效的研究方法。     

多专业批量维修任务调度方法研究

通过对不同专业设置方式下的维修任务调度问题进行分析,以最小化批量维修任务的维修时间为目标,将考虑专业维修顺序的批量维修任务调度问题分成两步进行求解,首先,建立了批量维修任务在专业领域内的调度及优化模型;其次,提出了基于NEH的批量维修任务排序方法．最后,通过实例对模型和方法的正确性和可行性进行了说明和验证,实例结果表明,该方法更贴近于实际,实现了快速、有效地解决维修任务调度问题,     

一种考虑权重的多专业流水式批量维修任务调度模型

针对维修专业不同的设置模式和运行模式,对多专业流水式批量维修任务调度问题进行了分析和建模,在考虑任务权重的基础上将该问题分成两步求解。首先,建立了初始专业领域内批量维修任务调度及优化模型;其次,建立了考虑任务权重的多专业流水式批量维修任务调度模型。实例验证表明：该方法更贴近于实际,可快速、有效地解决批量维修任务调度问题。     

作战任务的形式化描述及其过程表示方法

为了使各信息系统一致地理解作战任务的内涵及执行过程,本文对作战任务的形式化描述方法进行了深入研究。在分析作战任务概念和组成的基础上,利用八元组结构给出其形式化定义。抽象出作战任务中的三类关系:总体作战任务与具体作战任务间的实例化关系、作战任务与作战行动间纵向的层次结构关系、作战行动间横向的时序逻辑关系。依据作战任务的特点,提出了一种作战任务形式化描述的流程,采用IDEF3模型表示任务的执行过程。通过行为单元与仿真数据的集成,交汇点与仿真规则的映射,进一步讨论了模型的计算机实现问题。     

双站无源定位最佳配置分析

为了提高双站无源定位精度,在全局坐标系下分析了双站纯方位定位系统的最佳配置形式。首先研究了最小GDOP(Geometric Dilution of Precision)意义下的方位角约束关系及最优夹角,得到双站的最佳配置形式是目标与两传感器间呈一确定夹角的等腰三角形;在此基础上,讨论了夹角对GDOP的影响进而提出有效定位区域的概念,指出只有当目标位于该区域内时双站才能获得较好的定位精度。仿真结果验证了上述关于最佳配置形式及有效定位区域的分析,指出该结论可以应用到基于传感器管理的多站无源定位算法中。     

基于效费比的武器目标分配

有效武器目标分配(WTA)是防空阵地的核心。分析了目标毁伤收益、武器损伤关键战术指标因素,提出基于效费比的WTA评价标准,建立了针对多目标的WTA模型,并研究了用遗传算法求解模型的方法。该遗传算法通过设计一种武器目标分配的染色体编码,利用最优保存策略选择运算、均匀交叉运算、非均匀变异运算来求解。仿真结果验证了模型的合理性和算法的有效性。     

Cost allocation of capacity investment games

Consider a manufacturer serving a set of retail stores each of which faces deterministic demands in a finite planning horizon. At the beginning of the planning horizon, the production capacity of the manufacturer is built, followed by production, outsourcing to third party manufacturers if necessary and distribution to the retail stores. Because the retail stores are usually managed by different managers who act as independent profit centers, it is desirable that the total cost is divided among the retail stores so that their incentives can be appropriately captured and thus efficient operations can be achieved. Under various conditions, we prove that there is a fair allocation of costs among the retail stores in the sense that no subset of retail stores subsidizes others, or equivalently, the resulting capacity investment game has a nonempty core, that is, the capacity investment game is a balanced game. In addition, our proof provides a mechanism to compute a fair cost allocation. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 60: 512–523, 2013     

Inspection games with local and global allocation bounds

This article discusses a two‐player noncooperative nonzero‐sum inspection game. There are multiple sites that are subject to potential inspection by the first player (an inspector). The second player (potentially a violator) has to choose a vector of violation probabilities over the sites, so that the sum of these probabilities do not exceed one. An efficient method is introduced to compute all Nash equilibria parametrically in the amount of resource that is available to the inspector. Sensitivity analysis reveals nonmonotonicity of the equilibrium utility of the inspector, considered as a function of the amount of resource that is available to it; a phenomenon which is a variant of the well‐known Braess paradox. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2013     

层次分析法的水下航行器维修性指标分配方法

基于层次分析法的水下航行器维修性指标分配方法把层次分析法应用到水下航行器维修性指标分配方法中,即邀请专家对故障的检测和隔离方式、可达性、可更换性和测试的困难等级进行两两比较,得到评价矩阵,据此,可以得到分配结果.这种方法克服了按故障率和设计特性分配法在设计特性相差不大时存在的缺陷,把定性分析与定量分析相结合.在设计初期即明确设计目标,除了考虑到单元的故障率还兼顾了初期设计过程中的不确定性.将这种方法应用于某水下航行器的维修性分配,结果表明,该方法具有实用价值.