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Impact of tax reduction policies on consumer purchase of new automobiles: An analytical investigation with real data‐based experiments 下载免费PDF全文
We investigate and compare the impact of the tax reduction policies implemented in the United States and China to stimulate consumer purchase of new automobiles and improve manufacturers' profits. The U.S. policy provides each qualifying consumer with a federal income tax deduction on state and local sales and excise taxes paid on the purchase price (up to a cutoff level), whereas the Chinese policy reduces the vehicle sales tax rate for consumers. We observe that these policy designs are consistent with the tax management system and the economic environment in the respective country. We analytically determine the effects of the two tax reduction policies on the automobile sales and the manufacturer's and the retailer's profits. Numerical examples are then used to provide insights on the importance of certain factors that influence the effects of the two policies. Finally, a numerical experiment with sensitivity analysis based on real data is conducted to compare the merits and characteristics of the two policies under comparable conditions. We find that the U.S. policy is better than the Chinese policy in stimulating the sales of high‐end automobiles, whereas the Chinese policy is better than the U.S. policy in improving the sales of low‐end automobiles. The U.S. policy is slightly more effective in increasing the profitability of the automobile supply chain; but, in general, the Chinese policy is more cost effective. The methodology developed herein can be used to evaluate other tax reduction policies such as those related to the purchase of energy‐saving vehicles and to serve as a decision model to guide the choice of alternative tax reduction policies. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 61: 577–598, 2014 相似文献
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将纳米Cu和纳米金刚石复配成Cu/C复合添加剂,对其在500SN基础油中的减摩抗磨性能进行了研究.结果表明,加入了Cu/C复合添加剂的试油能明显改善500SN基础油的摩擦学性能:当纳米Cu添加量为4%,纳米C添加量为2%时,加入了Cu/C复合添加剂的试油减摩性能最好,同500SN空白试油相比,摩擦因数可降低94.8%;... 相似文献
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徐文毅 《中国人民武装警察部队学院学报》2007,23(12):5-7
钢材的高温力学性能是建筑结构耐火设计的重要参数。介绍了耐火钢的特点,通过试验对普通建筑用钢与两种耐火钢从常温到700℃高温的力学性能进行了对比研究,结果表明:温度在400~700℃之间,耐火钢的强度折减系数比普通建筑用钢高出很多;以钢材常温屈服强度的50%为破坏标准,普通建筑用钢与两种耐火钢的临界温度分别为550℃、650℃、660℃。 相似文献
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We apply the techniques of response surface methodology (RSM) to approximate the objective function of a two‐stage stochastic linear program with recourse. In particular, the objective function is estimated, in the region of optimality, by a quadratic function of the first‐stage decision variables. The resulting response surface can provide valuable modeling insight, such as directions of minimum and maximum sensitivity to changes in the first‐stage variables. Latin hypercube (LH) sampling is applied to reduce the variance of the recourse function point estimates that are used to construct the response surface. Empirical results show the value of the LH method by comparing it with strategies based on independent random numbers, common random numbers, and the Schruben‐Margolin assignment rule. In addition, variance reduction with LH sampling can be guaranteed for an important class of two‐stage problems which includes the classical capacity expansion model. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 46: 753–776, 1999 相似文献
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利用微气泡减小平板摩擦阻力的数值模拟 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
假定气-液两相流体均匀混合且微气泡在水流中存在滑移运动,运用混合多相流模型对水中运动平板的微气泡减阻过程进行了数值计算,研究了微气泡流的减阻机理,分析了主流速度及气体流量率等对减阻率的影响规律,同时构建了一个减阻率预报数学模型,并指出在微气泡减阻中存在一个与主流速度相对应的饱和气流量. 相似文献
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鉴于读者和评论界对《秦腔》不同的解读和评价,本文以详实的文本分析为依据,系统论述了《秦腔》针对转型期的乡土世界所进行的还原和抽象的具体内涵。通过剖析被作家称之为"密实的流年式"叙写模式的具体特征和解读作品所塑造的一系列艺术形象的特殊意义,高度评价了作家对乡土生活深刻的认知以及在小说叙事方法上所进行的革命性探索。另外,本文所涉及关于贾平凹创作实践的论述,对于广大文艺工作者重新审视艺术创作与社会生活之间的关系具有较强的指导作用。 相似文献
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《防务技术》2020,16(3):712-719
This paper presents a computational study of the air flow past a triangular boattailed projectile. The study shows that there is a single normal shock wave impinges the projectile at transonic speeds. At supersonic speeds, the formed shock waves are smeared compared to a conical boattailed projectile. Also, there is a reduction of the wake region behind the triangular base and the rear stagnation point is nearer to the projectile base resulting in base drag reduction. Moreover, there is an improvement of the stability of the triangular boattailed projectile since a lower overturning moment is incurred. 相似文献
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对雷达探测来说,如何有效地增强真实目标回波信号、提高信噪比水平是非常重要的。传统的降噪方法如平滑滤波、傅立叶降噪很难有效地降低与目标频谱相重叠的噪声。空域相关滤波算法是小波滤波算法中的一种,能够有效地解决这个问题。该算法是利用真实信号与噪声在尺度间的不同表现来实现的,能够在保留信号细节的同时,有效地降低噪声。仿真表明,该算法在雷达回波的降噪中取得了较好效果,有效地降低了噪声。 相似文献
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