Casualty Rates of US Military Personnel During the Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan

Abstract

In Operation Iraqi Freedom, which ended in August 2010, nearly 3500 hostile deaths occurred among US military personnel and 32,000 more were wounded in action (WIA). More than 1800 hostile deaths occurred during Operation Enduring Freedom (in and around Afghanistan) through 2014 and about 20,000 were WIA. A larger proportion of wounded personnel survived in Iraq and Afghanistan than during the Vietnam War, but the increased survival rates were not as high as some studies have asserted. The survival rates were 90.2% in Iraq and 91.6% in Afghanistan, compared with 86.5% in Vietnam. The casualty rates varied between the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan and before, during, and after the respective surges. Amputation rates are difficult to measure consistently, but I estimate that 2.6% of all WIA and 9.0% of medically evacuated WIA from the Iraq and Afghanistan theaters combined resulted in the major loss of a limb. Elevated non-hostile death rates (including deaths due to accidents, illnesses, homicides, or suicides) resulted in about 220 more deaths in Iraq and about 200 more deaths in Afghanistan than would have been expected in peacetime among populations of the size deployed to those two conflicts.     

含非线性介质Fabry-Perot腔混沌研究

根据混沌动力学的基本理论 ,计算了含非线性介质Fabry Perot腔动力学方程在其参数下的Lya punov指数分布图。利用Lyapunov指数和动力学特性的对应关系 ,分析出非线性Fabry Perot腔在各种参数下的动力学特性、稳态参数区域面积和混沌转换机制     

基于DSP+FPGA的导航计算机数据采集与处理硬件设计

根据捷联惯导系统中数据采集和运算处理的要求,提出了以高性能DSP为核心,由FPGA构成主要外部输入输出接口的导航计算机硬件设计方案;设计了I/F转换电路;给出了各电路的硬件结构框图和各器件的特性、选择与应用。从硬件方面分别讲述了FPGA和DSP的工作过程和功能。利用本方案,对实现军事和工程领域中导航系统微小型化、降低系统成本和体积具有重要意义。     

LIVING WITH THE BEAR

George F. Kennan: An American Life, by John Lewis Gaddis. The Penguin Press, 2011. 784 pages, $40.     

Investigating the Desirability of Navy Aircraft Service Life Extension Programs

Building on prior work on optimal replacement of aging aircraft, this paper presents three methodologies to evaluate prospective aviation Service Life Extension Programs (SLEPs) and applies these methodologies to US Navy F/A-18E/F data. While considerable uncertainty remains as to the values of key parameters (e.g. the cost of F/A-18E/F SLEPs), the preponderance of the evidence available at this juncture favors undertaking SLEPs on F/A-18E/Fs rather than replacing them with new Joint Strike Fighters.     

故障类别的模糊聚类分析

本文通过故障状态-特征的模糊聚类分析,按故障间的相似性对故障进行分类,然后按类别实施故障诊断,可在最少监测点的条件下,获得最多的设备运行故障信息。从而简化故障诊断过程,提高诊断速度和精度。     

基于CAN总线的装甲车辆电源系统在线检测设计

提出了一种装甲车辆故障在线检测方案,采用C8051F040单片机作为控制单元,通过相应的接口电路对装甲车辆电源系统的各路信号进行实时采集,并将结果通过CAN总线传入上位机,与其它检测子系统构成装甲车辆在线故障检测系统.     

Dynamic Winner-Take-All Conflict

This paper empirically investigates the importance of financial and political variables in determining debt rescheduling probabilities in Turkey for 1955–2000. The problem of sovereign debt default and rescheduling has been the subject of substantial academic research during the last two decades. There has been criticism of models of developing countries’ indebtedness and rescheduling that rely solely on some economic or financial predictors related to country debt, the foreign exchange sector or the domestic economic situation. Using probit analysis, this paper indicates that financial variables are important determinants of rescheduling probabilities. However, political variables are not significant in our models.     

U.S. Troops and Foreign Economic Growth

By way of an evolutionary game model we show that mediation in international conflicts might be harmful to the conflicting parties. In fact, under anarchy both parties can be better off than under an international regime if mediation reduces the parties’ reactive capacities (i.e. their abilites to respond to an aggression). This result is applied to issues currently discussed in the literature on international relations such as the role of the United Nations as a mediator of international conflicts.     

Thomas Fitzpatrick – Gunsmith of Dublin

Knowledge of early Dublin gunmakers is limited, mainly due to the destruction of records during the Civil War of the 1920s. This article focuses on an early pair of rifled turn-off pistols by Thomas Fitzpatrick and presents new research recently carried out by the author on this little-known gunmaker.