一种电路模块故障诊断的实现方法

在分析电路模块故障诊断特性的基础上,本文利用表结构表示推理规则,以框架结构组织规则库,为快速孤立故障,将症状按其检测的难易程度划分类别,并由检测点的选择准则确定下一个能有效孤立故障的检测点,该方法在“电子装备模块级故障诊断系统”和某装备测距系统与搜索系统的实际故障处理中得到了应用,并证实了其有效性。     

基于模糊数学的炮射导弹制导装置故障诊断

为解决炮射导弹制导装置故障诊断的不确定性推理问题,有效提高故障诊断的准确性,将模糊数学中的综合评判方法用于炮射导弹制导装置的故障诊断。通过专家经验和故障试验统计数据,构建模糊诊断数学模型,对制导装置故障进行模糊运算和故障诊断,从而确定故障原因。通过具体故障模糊诊断实例验证表明:该方法能够给出定量的故障诊断结果,可较准确地实现故障定位。     

数据驱动的复杂系统非预期故障诊断通用过程模型

提高对复杂系统非预期故障诊断能力是故障诊断领域的难点。结合非预期故障诊断内涵及基本原理,构建了一种用于复杂系统非预期故障诊断的通用过程模型。该模型采用四层递进结构,包括四个主要模型,即预期(已知)故障检测模型、预期(已知)故障识别模型、非预期(未知)故障检测模型和非预期(未知)故障识别模型。分析了各模型所包含的关键问题及其相应的实现算法,包括检测统计量的构建及评估、故障特征方向提取、故障识别器设计及故障贡献率计算。该通用过程模型规范了复杂系统非预期故障的诊断流程,明确了数据驱动的实现原理。以卫星姿态控制系统为例,验证了非预期故障诊断通用过程模型的有效性。     

脉冲功率电源故障诊断方法研究

脉冲功率电源是电磁发射系统中最容易发生故障的薄弱环节,脉冲功率电源故障会使整个系统性能下降。针对脉冲功率电源故障,提出基于多层小波分析提取故障信息的模式搜索支持向量机故障诊断方法。通过建立脉冲功率电源的软故障模型,进行仿真分析获得电流故障数据样本,对故障样本进行离散小波分解,获得指定层细节信息的小波系数作为故障特征量;对故障特征量进行主成分分析,将小波系数进行降维,以便有效地进行故障诊断。通过实验,将所提方法故障诊断结果与其他三种故障诊断结果进行比较,验证了所提方法的有效性。     

基于神经网络的整流罩空调系统传感器故障诊断

针对卫星整流罩空调系统中传感器故障问题,分析了其典型故障模式及影响因素,构建了传感器故障诊断系统模型,提出了利用空调监控系统采集的历史数据建立径向基神经网络估计器的传感器故障诊断方法。将估计器应用于空调系统表冷器控制单元,对传感器的偏置故障和精度下降故障进行了模拟故障仿真应用实验,实验结果表明了该故障诊断方法的有效性和正确性。     

遗传算法在航空发动机故障诊断中的应用

提出了基于遗传算法的航空发动机故障诊断的方法,将概率因果模型与发动机故障诊断问题结合,在得到发动机故障征兆和故障成因之间关系的基础上,利用遗传算法实现对故障的分类和诊断.该方法可以准确而快速得实现对复杂故障问题的诊断,将其应用于某型发动机的故障诊断中,得到了较好的效果,同时也说明了遗传算法在航空发动机故障诊断中是行之有效的.     

基于AIS反面选择算法的炮射导弹故障诊断方法

提出将人工免疫系统（Artificial Immunity System,AIS）中的反面选择原理应用到炮射导弹故障诊断中,依据免疫算法实现故障诊断的基本原理,构建了基于反面选择算法的故障诊断数学模型,解决了在故障先验知识和故障特征信息缺乏等情况下的故障诊断问题,并通过对炮射导弹制导仪系统中的故障进行实例分析,验证了该方法的有效性和优越性。     

大型卫星地面站故障诊断的增强分层有向图方法

为了解决传统分层有向图模型在卫星地面站故障诊断面临的问题,提出了基于增强分层有向图模型的故障诊断方法。在建模过程中,考虑到卫星地面站故障征兆多、建模复杂,依据各设备工作状态的故障传播方式合并同类节点,以减小模型规模;同时,在模型中加入节点有效性使能函数,克服传统分层有向图模型中设备主备切换导致系统结构发生改变时需要重新建模的问题。在故障诊断推理过程中,采用反向回溯和正向推理相结合的方法减小故障源搜索空间,并基于各节点被搜索次数给出故障概率,提高诊断效率。以北斗卫星无线电测定业务地面站为例对单故障和多故障报警场景下的故障诊断方法进行了验证。结果表明,基于增强分层有向图模型的故障诊断方法可以提高故障诊断的准确率和全面性。     

液压泵的状态监测与故障诊断

本文对ＹＢ—Ｄ—２５型液压泵的振动进行了分析,找到了故障特征,建立了故障诊断模型。通过建立故障判断准则,实现了液压泵的状态监测与故障诊断。     

装备故障诊断和预测技术综述

结合故障诊断与预测技术的国内外研究现状,综述了故障诊断和预测的完整性认知模型,并以此对蓬勃发展的故障诊断和故障预测技术进行了分类与综合分析。同时针对故障的不确定性特征,对故障诊断和预测技术的性能要求、定量评价与验证方法进行了分析。最后,分别从实际应用及扩展的四个方面提出了故障诊断、预测,以及PHM技术未来发展的几个问题。     

THE CREATION OF THE ICC

The implications for African states of the recently created International Criminal Court should be carefully considered. There are far-reaching limitations placed on the ICC's jurisdictional scheme, both temporally as well as by the preconditions to the exercise of jurisdiction in the form of territoriality and nationality. The Court's powers may also be constrained out of deference to the grant of an internationally acceptable amnesty, and national courts may be constrained to recognise immunities from prosecution for high-ranking officials. These limitations need to be properly understood so that the ICC can be effectively utilised by African States to declare and act upon their commitment to the principle of individual criminal liability for those responsible for the most serious crimes.     

THE LAND IS THE ECONOMY

This article revisits Zimbabwe's land question from the vantage point of having been written five years after the ‘fast-track’ land redistribution programme was launched. Without belittling the accomplishments of land reform in the first 19 years of the country's independence, it is generally clear that the sweeping programme of 2000–2003, the most comprehensive of its kind, created a new paradigm. Clearly, the consequences will take many years to work themselves out through the country's political, economic and social fabric.

The article briefly defines what may be termed ‘old’ and ‘new’ versions of Zimbabwe's land question before outlining the salient aspects of the reform process itself. It then assesses the outcomes of the redistribution, the apparent lacuna between ‘land’ and ‘agrarian’ reform, and the debate that the reform process itself has kindled. Transforming land distribution into qualitative agrarian reform has proved an Achilles heel in the arguments put forward by the proponents of the fast-track programme. Finally, recommendations are provided as to what is necessary to secure land and agrarian reform in the short, medium and long term.     

ACHIEVING THE VISION OF THE NPT

This article assesses the prospects for a strategy of incrementalism to lead to achievement of the core bargain of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons: non-nuclear weapon states' nuclear nonproliferation in exchange for nuclear weapon states' nuclear disarmament to the point of “global zero.” Game theory, prospect theory, and liberal international theory are used to evaluate the potential of a strategy of incrementalism. While separately each has insights to offer, it is when all three theoretical approaches are used in tandem that meaningful explanatory gains emerge. The article concludes that incrementalism probably cannot lead to complete nonproliferation and global nuclear zero. Instead, signal events (as described by prospect theory) are needed to “punctuate” incremental processes in negotiations (best explained by liberal international theory) in order to move past hindrances such as international structural constraints (exemplified by game theory) and the conservative risk-taking propensities of state elites (described by prospect theory).     

THE REAL STORY BEHIND THE MAKING OF THE FRENCH HYDROGEN BOMB

Based on the first-person account of coauthor Pierre Billaud, a prominent French participant, this article describes for the first time in such detail the history of the development of the French hydrogen bomb in the 1960s and the organization of military nuclear research in France. The authors illustrate the extent to which French defense and governmental authorities did not support research on thermonuclear weapons until 1966. Billaud, a project insider, relates the historical episodes that led to France's successful 1968 thermonuclear test, including the names of the individuals involved and how a timely tip from a foreign source hastened the success of the first H-bomb test.     

THE PLACE OF THE AFRICAN COMMISSION IN THE NEW AFRICAN DISPENSATION

The mandate to promote human rights in Africa is a challenging one and the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, whose mandate it is, will have to use partnerships, such as NEPAD and other supportive multilateral institutions to fulfil it. The African human rights enforcement mechanism can only be as strong as the African peoples themselves make it. This paper examines the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights and looks at the role of the Commission in the New African dispensation following the adopting of the Constitutive Act of the African Union and the adoption of the New Partnership for African Development (NEPAD).     

前喷管燃气流对火箭飞行稳定性的影响

本文分析了具有前喷管的火箭弹在主动段的受力情况。指出,当超音速飞行时,在前喷管附近的弹体表面上产生一个局部高压区,由此形成一个翻转力矩。从而解释了在主动段超音速飞行中为什么会出现不稳定飞行。     

THE HEALTH OF THE NUCLEAR NONPROLIFERATION REGIME

How do we assess the health of international regimes? Many analysts have insisted recently that the nuclear nonproliferation regime is in urgent need of repair or that it should even be discarded because of its supposed ineffectiveness. However, it is essential that statements about the regime being in crisis be scrutinized for veracity and utility. While the spread of nuclear weapons poses an undeniable and serious threat to international security, a mistaken crisis mentality with respect to the regime could lead to rash attempts to alter it in unnecessary or ineffective ways or, at worst, to discard it completely. This paper returns to a theoretical framework that differentiates regimes, across both issue areas and time, to provide a more specified evaluation of regime health. By disaggregating the nuclear nonproliferation regime and assessing the individual and interactive health of multiple dimensions, a number of dimension-specific, regime-strengthening policy recommendations emerge.     

图象存储体与PC机接口设计

本文研究利用PC机扩充槽设计图象存储体与PC机的DMA接口,包括接口电路和接口驱动程序。主要完成图象存储体与PC机内存间DMA数据传送的启动及相应控制信号的产生、转换,并提供数据通道,本接口应用于“脉冲X光医疗诊断系统”,对其它图象处理系统的计算机接口亦有参考价值。     

弹药包装经济效益评估

本文依据弹药包装的特点,通过对弹药包装军事经济效益的研究,建立了弹药包装经济效益评价指标体系和评估模型,并进行了实例分析。     

THE NPT

This article assesses the successes and failures of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) since its creation in 1968 by developing and applying a set of “metrics” to each of the NPT's substantive articles as well as to its withdrawal provisions. In light of this analysis, the article also puts forward some specific proposals for strengthening the NPT and its implementation, with a view to the debate and decisions at the upcoming 2010 NPT Review Conference. A concluding section turns explicitly to the 2010 NPT Review Conference and proposes pursuit of agreement on three NPT Action Plans: one for nonproliferation, one for peaceful uses, and one for nuclear disarmament. Combining vision and practicable steps, these Action Plans would set out a roadmap for action between the 2010 and the 2015 NPT Review Conferences. They could provide a foundation for substantive exchanges—in this case, on progress toward their implementation—during the preparations for the 2015 conference.