An attacker‐defender model for analyzing the vulnerability of initial attack in wildfire suppression

Wildfire managers use initial attack (IA) to control wildfires before they grow large and become difficult to suppress. Although the majority of wildfire incidents are contained by IA, the small percentage of fires that escape IA causes most of the damage. Therefore, planning a successful IA is very important. In this article, we study the vulnerability of IA in wildfire suppression using an attacker‐defender Stackelberg model. The attacker's objective is to coordinate the simultaneous ignition of fires at various points in a landscape to maximize the number of fires that cannot be contained by IA. The defender's objective is to optimally dispatch suppression resources from multiple fire stations located across the landscape to minimize the number of wildfires not contained by IA. We use a decomposition algorithm to solve the model and apply the model on a test case landscape. We also investigate the impact of delay in the response, the fire growth rate, the amount of suppression resources, and the locations of fire stations on the success of IA.     

高性能RTI自适应通信机制研究

为了提高HLA仿真系统在高性能计算平台上的运行性能,针对高性能计算平台的高性能层次式通信环境,提出了一种共享内存/IB/以太网自适应RTI通信机制-SACM机制,该机制能够根据通信双方所在节点的网络拓扑信息,自适应建立延迟最小的通信连接,实现共享内存、IB等高速互连及以太网互连的自适应选择.同时在该通信机制中,针对节点内高速共享内存通信需求,提出了一种面向多盟员互连的共享内存通信算法,有效提高了节点内盟员通信效率.对象属性值更新延迟测试结果表明,该通信机制可以有效提高RTI在高性能计算平台的通信性能.     

层次聚类方法在消防投入分类中的应用

以中国消防年鉴2005年全国城市消防规划和城市公共消防设施建设情况统计资料为例,运用SPSS统计分析软件对全国各省消防基础设施建设情况进行分类汇总分析,从消防投入角度对新形势下的消防工作提出指导意见。     

数字化装甲营作战仿真实验室的支撑软件设计

介绍了数字化装甲营作战仿真实验室的支撑软件组成、结构和功能.军事指挥人员(建模人员)利用支撑软件按照自己的意图,快速制定作战想定,兵力、兵器部署的系统模型,通过系统模型的运行,实现战斗进程的逼真模拟,实施人在环、部分实装在环的装甲兵分队作战指挥对抗演习和实验,完成装甲兵分队的战术和技术训练任务,为装甲兵部队作战理论研究,人员训练,装备作战效能评估,技术保障研究和院校各专业技术人才培养提供高技术的软件平台,并且快速确定系统模型的可信度指标,为上级机关决策的合理化提供有力的支持.     

Optimal patrol to uncover threats in time when detection is imperfect

Consider a patrol problem, where a patroller traverses a graph through edges to detect potential attacks at nodes. An attack takes a random amount of time to complete. The patroller takes one time unit to move to and inspect an adjacent node, and will detect an ongoing attack with some probability. If an attack completes before it is detected, a cost is incurred. The attack time distribution, the cost due to a successful attack, and the detection probability all depend on the attack node. The patroller seeks a patrol policy that minimizes the expected cost incurred when, and if, an attack eventually happens. We consider two cases. A random attacker chooses where to attack according to predetermined probabilities, while a strategic attacker chooses where to attack to incur the maximal expected cost. In each case, computing the optimal solution, although possible, quickly becomes intractable for problems of practical sizes. Our main contribution is to develop efficient index policies—based on Lagrangian relaxation methodology, and also on approximate dynamic programming—which typically achieve within 1% of optimality with computation time orders of magnitude less than what is required to compute the optimal policy for problems of practical sizes. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 61: 557–576, 2014     

沪郊新农村消防基础设施建设现状分析与对策研究

上海郊区新农村消防基础设施建设存在建筑布局不合理,消防水源不足,消防道路不畅通,消防建设不达标,消防宣传不到位等问题。应加强新农村消防建设和＂防火墙＂工程建设,从夯实农村消防＂四个基础＂的要求着手,针对上海农村消防基础设施建设现状,提出加强新农村消防基础设施建设五个方面的对策。     

军地统一物品编码“新基建”的探讨

本文研究了北约军需物资编目的成绩和作用,分析了我国军用物资与装备、国防科技工业物资、国家装备动员资源、军民通用资源和应急物资等物品编码的差异,指出物品代码不统一的状况制约了军地信息对接的效率,阐述了军地统一物品编码的意义。此外,还提出统一物品编码工作具有公共服务特性,属于“新基建”范畴,并规划了按“新基建”实施军地统一物品编码的路线图：组建军地统一物品编码管理机构;制定编码国家标准,按“新基建”程序申报国家项目;开发物品编码系统;实施军地统一物品编码;建设物品代码大数据中心,逐步推广应用,稳步树立军地统一物品代码的权威。     

北京沧达农工商公司草垛火灾引发的深思

火灾预防和火灾扑救不仅仅是消防部门自身的职责，必须依靠社会综合力量，政府是处置各类突发事件的强势者。从北京沧达农工商公司草垛火灾谈起，对政府职责、单位消防安全责任、社会应急机制等存在的问题做了进一步阐述。     

基于HLA的电子战仿真测试与评估

针对电子战系统的特点,介绍了电子战系统开发与测试的一般过程。分析基于高层体系结构的电子战仿真测试与评估包括两个方面,HLA各组成部分性能以及电子战系统自身效能的测试与评估。在分析美国电子战仿真测试的基础上,将基于HLA的电子战系统应用于指挥自动化体系对抗仿真中,设计了对应的框架结构。分别对运行支撑系统KD-RTI和DMSORTI1.3v6在不同传输方式下的传输时延和丢包率进行了比较。进一步以信息的完备性为指标,对电子战系统的作战效能进行了评估。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.