类比推理中的一种相似性准则及其验证方法

类比推理是人工智能领域中的重要研究方向,而相似性准则是类比推理中的重要概念。文中给出了类比推理的一种描述框架,定义了相似性准则,并且基于项重写技术,提出了相应的验证方法。     

可压缩流大涡模拟耦合概率密度函数方法中的滤波压力模型

亚格子组分-温度关联项显著影响反应流大涡模拟精度。利用概率密度函数方法中概率等效的特点,发展一种新的滤波压力模型,可以良好封闭亚格子组分-温度关联项。介绍概率密度函数及其耦合求解方法,在已有模型基础上推导建立新的滤波压力模型,并在三维超声速氢气/空气时间发展反应混合层中对不同的滤波压力模型进行数值测试。结果表明,与传统的滤波压力模型相比,新的滤波压力模型可以明显改善反应混合层的模拟准确度。特别地,基于新的滤波压力模型,大涡模拟耦合概率密度函数方法可以较好地模拟链式反应中间微小组分如超氧化氢基等,有望更有效地再现自点火等复杂现象。     

Kurtosis correction method for X̄ and R control charts for long‐tailed symmetrical distributions

This paper proposes a kurtosis correction (KC) method for constructing the X? and R control charts for symmetrical long‐tailed (leptokurtic) distributions. The control charts are similar to the Shewhart control charts and are very easy to use. The control limits are derived based on the degree of kurtosis estimated from the actual (subgroup) data. It is assumed that the underlying quality characteristic is symmetrically distributed and no other distributional and/or parameter assumptions are made. The control chart constants are tabulated and the performance of these charts is compared with that of the Shewhart control charts. For the case of the logistic distribution, the exact control limits are derived and are compared with the KC method and the Shewhart method. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007     

Optimal policies for M/M/m queue with two different kinds of (N,T)‐policies

In this paper, two different kinds of (N, T)‐policies for an M/M/m queueing system are studied. The system operates only intermittently and is shut down when no customers are present any more. A fixed setup cost of K > 0 is incurred each time the system is reopened. Also, a holding cost of h > 0 per unit time is incurred for each customer present. The two (N, T)‐policies studied for this queueing system with cost structures are as follows: (1) The system is reactivated as soon as N customers are present or the waiting time of the leading customer reaches a predefined time T, and (2) the system is reactivated as soon as N customers are present or the time units after the end of the last busy period reaches a predefined time T. The equations satisfied by the optimal policy (N*, T*) for minimizing the long‐run average cost per unit time in both cases are obtained. Particularly, we obtain the explicit optimal joint policy (N*, T*) and optimal objective value for the case of a single server, the explicit optimal policy N* and optimal objective value for the case of multiple servers when only predefined customers number N is measured, and the explicit optimal policy T* and optimal objective value for the case of multiple servers when only predefined time units T is measured, respectively. These results partly extend (1) the classic N or T policy to a more practical (N, T)‐policy and (2) the conclusions obtained for single server system to a system consisting of m (m ≥ 1) servers. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 47: 240–258, 2000     

ECONOMIC GROWTH AND VIOLENT INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT: 1875–1999

This paper extends the joint product model of military alliances to apply to the new strategic doctrine adopted by NATO in the 1990s. In particular, a choice must be made between protecting one's own territory and pooling forces for an alliancewide rapid reaction force. This new model accounts for a host of externalities and their implications for burden sharing, full financing, and allocative efficiency. The Pigouvian taxes that adjust for force thinning and attack deflection are shown to finance optimal border‐protecting forces under a variety of circumstances. Second‐best considerations arise owing to the pure publicness of rapid reaction forces. The ideal toll arrangement does not currently characterize NATO financing, nor is it likely to do so.     

具有拟周期外力的非自治发展方程的时滞惯性流形与近似惯性流形

研究了一类具有拟周期外力的非自治发展方程,通过延伸相平面将非自治系统转化为自治系统,再证明相应的自治系统的时滞惯性流形的存在性,并在时滞惯性流形的基础上构造了非自治发展方程的近似惯性流形。     

结合全局与局部信息的主动轮廓分割模型

针对传统的基于区域的主动轮廓模型在分割灰度不均匀图像和噪声图像存在效果不佳的问题,提出结合全局项与局部项的主动轮廓分割模型。全局项由CV(Chan-Vese)模型的保真项构成,局部项的构建考虑局部区域信息的同时引入反映图像灰度特性的局部熵信息。依据图像灰度的特点,选择合理的全局项和局部项参数,并加入正则项保证曲线在演化过程中保持平滑,保障分割结果的可靠性。通过变分水平集方法最小化能量泛函,依据梯度下降流迭代更新水平集,完成曲线演化。采用模拟图像和实际图像进行实验分析,结果表明,所提出的结合全局项和局部项的主动轮廓模型可以高效地分割噪声严重以及灰度分布不均匀的图像。     

试论军语演变“三律”

军语的产生、发展和变化,始终受到军事规律、词汇规律和术语规律的影响和制约。这三个方面规律的综合作用,对军语的语形、语义和语用的演变,产生着积极或消极的影响。任何一个军语在任何一个方面的演变,都可以从领域、词汇和术语这三个方面的规律中寻觅其基本成因。     

“尼罗河魔鬼”柔性长鳍运动曲面建模与仿真

以"尼罗河魔鬼"柔性长背鳍的波动运动为研究对象,综合考虑影响柔性长鳍运动建模的诸因素,建立了描述柔性长鳍波动运动时动态曲面的数学模型,并根据试验观测获得的仿生对象相关数据及对运动学模型中相关要素的简化假设,对仿生对象鱼体及柔性长鳍动态曲面进行仿真计算,通过与试验观测获得的照片进行对比,表明建立的柔性长鳍运动曲面模型通过合理设置各种参数,能够较好地描述柔性长鳍的波动运动,具有较强的适应性和通用性.柔性长鳍运动学模型的建立为其动力学研究及其基于有限元方法的仿真计算奠定了数学基础.     

平流层长航时气球上升过程超冷现象影响因素分析

平流层长航时气球超冷现象是指内部浮升气体温度低于外界大气温度,超冷会引起浮力损失进而阻碍气球上升过程。建立了长航时气球辐射、对流等热模型和上升过程动力学模型,仿真分析了初始净浮力、蒙皮热物性参数、放飞时间和放飞日期等因素对超冷现象的影响规律。研究结果表明,上升过程内外温差随初始净浮力增大而增大且变化显著,可见光吸收率和红外吸收率增大时,内外温差值总体上呈减小趋势;放飞时刻和放飞日期对超冷现象影响较小,但放飞时间不同,气球上升至设计驻空高度的时间差别较大。该结论可为平流层浮空器总体方案设计和放飞试验提供有益参考。