我国海域管制立法问题初探

为有效维护我国海洋安全,完善我国海域管制立法势在必行.目前,我国在相关立法中对海域管制制度进行了设定,但还存在着适用法律和执法主体不够明确、法律法规调整范围不统一、法规之间处罚差异过大、对特殊海域的管控缺乏法律支持等问题.这些问题主要源于立法传统的实用主义、部门立法特点、对沿海边防的职能定位过窄等,严重影响着中央事权的统一和海上管制活动的有效开展.我国应当借鉴外国的相关制度,制定“海防管理法”,设定特殊海域管制制度,将《沿海船舶边防治安管理规定》上升为行政法规,并细化该管制制度。

A Research of the Legislative Issue of Sea Controlling in China

Sea controlling is a mandatory supervision and management for traffic and production at sea to secure a country or maintain public interests by laws and regulations. So far, China has set up a series of marine laws, but there are still issues with law enforcement organizations： unmatched systems of law and unreasonable punishment from different regulations. The issues have originated from the utilitarianism in the legislation tradition, the particu- larity of departmental regulations, and the narrowness of functions of the border defense departments, which seriously affect the central government power and the efficiency of sea controlling. Therefore, it is necessary to refer to rele- vant foreign systems and make a law of sea controlling that can regulate a special sea controlling. It is suggested that the State Council should pass the regulation on border control for ship by public security management at sea and specify the relevant systems.