“民主社会”与“完满个人”——杜威和斯宾塞教育目的观比较

教育目的对教育活动来说至关重要,正确地认识了教育目的教育活动也就有了方向和动力。杜威和斯宾塞生活的时代相近,他们的教育目的观也存在着明显的相似性。具体表现在二者都受到传统教育目的观的深刻影响,同时在整体上都体现出了鲜明的人道主义色彩。但是,二者教育目的观的思路上存在着明显的差异,杜威认为教育是从个人到进步的社会再从进步的社会到发展的个人如此循环上升的过程,民主社会是基点和归宿;而斯宾塞虽也是从个人出发,但其目的并非指向社会而依旧回归个人,主张为个人完满生活做准备。因此,在具体的教育视角、教学内容、课程形式上二者存在着差异。

"Democratic Society" and "Complete Individual" : The Comparison of Dewey And Spencer's Views of Educational Aim

The aim of education is very important for educational activities.Once we have a correct understanding of the purpose of education,then we will have direction and motivation for educational activities.This paper takes Dewey and Spencer's views about educational aim as the research object and compares the two views of educational aim by means of literature research and text reading,so as to provide reference for the development of educational theory and practice.Dewey and Spencer lived at a similar era,and their views of educational aim have obvious similarities.Specifically,both of them are deeply influenced by the traditional views of the aim of education,and at the same time their views are humanitarian.However,through the comparison of their views of educational aim,the author also finds that there are obvious differences in their ideas of educational aim.Dewey believes that education is a cyclical process from an individual to a progressive society and then from a progressive society to a developing individualand in his words,a democratic society is the basis and the destination.Although Spenser started his investigation from the individual,his purpose was not to point to the society but to return to the individual,and he advocated to prepare for the individual's complete living.Therefore,there are differences in the specific educational perspective,teaching content and curriculum form between these two.