运用对抗演练法评估边防战术训练初探

战术对抗演练是战术训练的重要方法，已在边防部队实战技能训练中得到广泛运用。侧重挖掘的是战术对抗演练在边防战术训练中的另一个重要作用，即评估战术训练水平的作用，着重从对抗演练法评估边防战术训练的必要性、运用的基本思路及应注意的问题三个方面进行论述。     

基于改进ADC模型光电对抗系统作战效能评估方法

为了使光电对抗系统作战效能评估更接近实战,根据光电对抗系统的特点,在传统的ADC模型上考虑了战术运用和人员操作对作战效能的影响,提出了一种改进型ADC模型,并通过实例验证了该模型相比传统的ADC模型更贴近作战实际。改进后的模型可为光电对抗系统作战效能评估提供科学依据。     

模拟训练装备的实战化应用

着眼提高模拟训练装备在实战化训练中的使用效益,通过对比分析、原理分析、功能分析阐述了模拟训练装备实战化应用价值;依据作战、训练、武器与模拟训练装备的关系确立了应用原则;结合训练观念、训练内容、训练方法等关键要素,提出了树立主动设计、全维对抗、精准评估等实战化训练理念,将模拟训练装备广泛应用于技术、战术和联合训练,探索基于实战化模拟训练装备的人机对抗、网上对抗、实兵对抗训练方法等应用策略。     

嵌入式空战训练中虚拟智能对手的生成研究

研究探讨了嵌入式空战对抗训练系统中虚拟智能对手的生成问题。提出了虚拟智能对手生成的模型体系,构建了虚拟智能对手的总体框架,并给出了决策模型、战术行为模型和实体模型的建模方法,并进行了实践应用,验证了模型的正确性和合理性。该模型在嵌入式空战战术对抗训练仿真论证系统取得了较为满意的结果。     

水面舰艇"自助式"模拟训练环境生成研究

分析了当前水面舰艇战术背景条件下综合对抗模拟训练存在的主要不足,在此基础上,本文提出通过外接便携式计算机构建水面舰艇“自助式”模拟训练环境并验证了其可行性。提出了该模拟训练环境的基本功能、系统组成、工作流程;探讨了舰艇实装设备驱动、实时多任务仿真环境、舰艇机动过程仿真、训练过程重演等关键技术。这一方法有助于提高水面舰艇战术背景条件下综合对抗对抗模拟训练的有效性和针对性,具有较好的推广应用前景。     

合成作战指挥战术对抗模拟训练系统设计研究

由于实兵对抗训练组织难、消耗大,同时模拟仿真技术发展迅猛,仿真能力和仿真逼真程度越来越高,作战指挥模拟化对抗训练逐步成为指挥所指挥对抗训练最为重要的一种组训形式。对合成作战指挥战术对抗模拟训练系统的功能、组成、实现方法、工作原理进行了阐述,提出了系统研制的发展方向、关键技术及解决途径。     

陆军分队对抗训练数据工程实现及思考

以陆军分队对抗训练辅助裁决系统的实现过程数据需求为背景,讨论和分析了分队对抗训练数据的基本框架和流程,给出了系统数据的配置与管理主要过程,以及系统数据处理的关键技术,最后就分队级别对抗系统的数据工程问题提出了几点思考。     

HLA训练仿真系统数据记录与回放的设计和实现

在战术仿真训练中,数据记录与回放是实现对战术对抗行动定性定量分析评估的重要手段。结合基于HLA技术的战术仿真训练系统的研发,探讨了顺序事件触发式数据记录、离线回放及演习状态回滚功能的具体设计和实现方法。该系统已推广部队使用,应用效果良好。     

舰载通信对抗系统战术运用研究

舰载通信对抗系统对敌目标实施通信干扰是海战场夺取制信息权的重要手段。运用电波传播理论、干扰方程、海军战术等理论,给出了舰载通信干扰压制区和有效作用范围的确定和计算方法及干扰舰的阵位配置,干扰目标(通信网)和时机的优选原则,为舰载通信对抗系统战术运用提供了理论依据,较好地满足了舰载通信对抗系统的作战需求。     

激光对抗系统在轻武器实战化训练中的应用

轻武器作战作为特种作战方式的一种，在现代战争中的地位越来越突出。本文阐述了轻武器实战化训练的短板和弱项，提出一种轻武器激光对抗系统，介绍了系统的主要构成和工作原理，并对激光对抗系统在轻武器实战化训练上展开研究。研究表明，采用激光对抗系统辅助训练能从强化轻武器基础训练效果、提升训练对抗意识、提高战斗员维稳处突能力及强化射击能力等几方面有效提高轻武器基础训练成绩和战术训练水平，为改进轻武器实战化训练提供了理论和技术支撑。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.