Butterworth低通滤波器的舰载RLG PINS初始对准精度分析

系泊状态下,用Butterworth低通滤波器解决舰载RLG PINS初始对准中杆臂效应问题时,对准的精度受安装误差、杆臂长度和舰船摇摆等因素的影响。通过仿真分析,认为Butterworth低通滤波器适于解决风浪干扰下的舰载平台系统初始对准中的杆臂效应问题,且安装误差、安装位置是影响对准精度的主要因素,提高系统标定精度,并尽量使系统安装在船体对称面内,可以提高对准精度。     

动态弹道补偿

通常意义下的弹道补偿没有考虑火炮摆动对射击的影响,因而在坦克运动或目标运动时,命中概率将大大降低.分析了由火炮摆动带来的射击误差,给出了相应的补偿算法及电路的实现方法.     

振动对臂式输弹机的影响分析及测试

大口径火炮输弹过程中弹丸卡膛行程不一致会导致火炮发射药室容积、弹丸起动压力差异,影响火炮射击初速和射击精度。为了提高某臂式自动输弹机的弹丸定位精度,首先通过高速摄影发现弹丸在入膛后会产生在重力方向的振动,消耗弹丸动能造成卡弹力不一致。通过分析臂式输弹机工作机理,明确输弹过程中各个部件的运动关系,对输弹机构在静止状态和运动状态进行受力分析,确定造成弹丸振动激励源的位置,利用激光位移传感器测试了该点振动的幅值及频率。最后提出了输弹机的改进方案以消除振动对输弹稳定性的影响。     

惯性测量单元内杆臂标定卡尔曼滤波方法

在高动态环境下,由内杆臂引起的尺寸效应误差是高精度捷联惯导系统的重要误差源之一。从原理上分析了内杆臂误差的产生机理,推导了内杆臂误差的动态误差模型,并结合系统误差模型推导了内杆臂的标定模型,选取考虑了外杆臂误差的速度误差为系统观测量,提出了基于卡尔曼滤波的内杆臂参数辨识方法。试验结果表明,内杆臂标定重复性精度优于2 mm,快速旋转试验中,内杆臂误差补偿后,速度误差减小90%,摇摆试验中的导航精度也得到显著提升。     

舰船武器甲板位置点杆臂参数的测定

舰载武器发射或舰载武器惯导系统对准需要舰载惯导系统MINS的信息辅助,不同的安装位置使得它们之间存在较大的杆臂效应,在对杆臂效应补偿中需要三维杆臂尺寸参数,由于加工误差、安装误差及船体变形,使武器战位的实际杆臂参数偏离图纸计算值.通常舰载惯导舱室与甲板武器战位之间不能通视直接测量难度大.为提高杆臂效应补偿精度,提出了基于舰载惯导MINS及差分GPS辅助的测量方案.通过速度信息观测采用马尔科夫递推滤波器估计杆臂参数,仿真结果表明通过10min的测量可达到0.1m估计精度量级.     

确定性气象误差对射击效力的影响

指出火炮射击效力分析计算传统理论的缺陷将一次射击过程确定性弹道气象修正量误差视为随机误差,从而影响了射击效力分析的准确性;提出火炮射击效力分析的新理论--基于确定性弹道气象修正量误差的射击效力分析理论;比较了两种理论的射击效力分析计算结果;阐明了新理论的理论价值--完善射击效力分析理论和实际应用价值--为射击效力在线实时评估提供科学的分析方法.     

火炮射击中的弹道气象参数辨识

弹道气象误差是影响火炮精度的重要因素。通过对弹道气象参数的可辨识性分析 ,建立了火炮外弹道气象参数滤波—辨识递推算法 ,仿真验证表明 ,该法能得到满意的辨识精度 ,可较大幅度地降低射击误差。     

火炮随动系统射击试验射弹数的自动控制

针对火炮随动系统射击试验中射击时机和射弹数难于人工控制的特点 ,讨论了利用火炮随动测试系统进行自动控制的可行性 ,分析了射弹数自动控制的误差。     

某火炮弹药高海拔环境弹道高变化测量研究

高海拔环境因素对火炮弹药弹道高影响程度测量与分析,一直是业界关注的重要研究方向。分析了高海拔环境对某武器射击的主要影响因素,针对某型火炮弹药,提出了高海拔山地环境弹道高测量方案,并根据弹道高测量结果,定量地研究分析了弹道高变化对火炮射程、射击精度和命中率的影响程度,为火炮高原射击外弹道测量问题提供了新的思路和方法。     

地形对间瞄火炮射击效能影响模型研究

地形既能影响实际作战中炮阵地的选定、火炮配置及区分射击任务,又不同程度地影响选定的炮阵地对责任地域的射击效能。文中在考虑地形因素影响的基础上,建立了评定间瞄火炮射击效能的数学模型,阐述了其计算机模型的基本功能和实现方法,对间瞄火炮射击效能的评定具有一定的指导作用。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.