基于粗糙集的空袭目标威胁评估排序

通过对影响空袭目标威胁排序因素的分析,针对定性与定量因素并存的情况,提出利用粗糙集理论进行威胁排序的方法.将已有决策表转化为成对比较表,利用优势属性集来推理决策规则,从而确定各目标的排序.案例表明此方法有效地解决了空袭目标威胁排序中的如何处理不确定信息的问题,大大提高了决策的准确性和客观性.     

基于粗糙集-神经网络编队协同空战决策系统

为了提高空战决策的实时性和准确度,将粗糙集理论和神经网络引入到编队协同空战战术决策研究中,提出了应用SOM网络-粗糙集-BP网络集成进行编队协同空战战术决策的方案:应用SOM网络离散化决策系统输入数据的连续属性值;利用粗糙集数据分析方法,从数据中提取出规则将输入映射到输出的子空间上;在这个子空间上用BP网络进行逼近.2:4编队空战实例仿真结果验证该方案的可行性,在数据充分的条件下,该方案可以推广应用于其它空战决策系统.     

基于证据熵对不确定性度量的决策表约简

知识约简是粗糙集理论的核心内容之一,产生的粗糙决策规则往往具有一定的不确定性.在变精度粗糙集的基础上,本文构造了符合证据理论框架的一组焦元,利用基本概率分配函数计算了证据的总体信息熵,度量了决策表的不确定性;以该度量作为启发信息,给出了决策表的启发式知识约简算法.计算实例表明了本文方法的有效性.     

基于粗糙集与神经网络相结合的模拟电路故障诊断

针对当神经网络输入端维数比较大造成在模拟电路故障诊断中BP神经网络结构庞大,从而影响到诊断速度以及正确率的问题,结合粗糙集理论和神经网络在信息处理方面的优势,建立了一个基于粗糙集理论和BP神经网络相结合的模拟电路故障诊断模型。通过对某装备位置调节器板的故障诊断过程表明,该模型简化了网络数据样本的维数,优化了神经网络结构,提高了系统的诊断正确率与诊断速度。     

基于粗糙集的知识推理在后勤保障智能决策系统中的应用研究

目前,智能决策系统的实现研究已成为众多学科领域的研究热点,本文探讨了军队后勤保障智能决策系统中的知识表达,讨论了属性在知识表达系统中的作用,决策表格形式的知识表达系统的性质、作用以及根据粗糙集理论分析处理海量信息中信息的有用特征,通过分析、推理产生最小决策规则。。     

战时不完全信息战术导弹需求量预测方法

针对传统方法难以实现战时信息不完备条件下导弹需求量预测的问题,提出了一种基于粗糙集的战术导弹需求量预测方法。在对战术导弹需求量影响因素分析的基础上,建立了战术导弹需求量预测不完备决策信息表。利用相容关系对不完备决策信息表中对象分类,并采用差别函数方法求解各对象的相对约简,从而获取战术导弹需求量的最优广义规则集。算例验证了方法的有效性。     

基于粗糙集和神经网络的无人机侦察效能评估

针对无人机在多条件下的侦察效能评估问题,提出一种基于粗糙集和神经网络的无人机侦察效能评估方法.在该方法中,寻找影响因素构建无人机侦察效能评估指标体系;结合粗糙集理论去除当中的冗余因素;并在处理因素基础上利用遗传优化的BP神经网络构建无人机侦察效能的评估模型,以提高预测精度.仿真结果表明:该模型不仅能够克服传统BP神经网络容错性差,收敛速度慢的缺点,而且可以较好地完成无人机侦察效能评估.     

基于BP神经网络的水下对抗预测模型研究

针对水下平台水下对抗作战量化验证评估困难、指导机动规避作战模型欠缺等问题,设计了一种基于大数据学习的水下对抗预测模型。首先进行水下平台水下对抗建模,基于蒙特卡洛方法执行若干轮次仿真获得规避概率数据集;同时,为解决海量仿真下时间效率不佳的问题,提出利用BP神经网络预测算法进行数据学习,提供准确、快速、可视化的对抗结果。试验结果表明,在本文设定的试验环境下,基于BP神经网络预测算法的平均预测误差为7.28%,可有效对水下平台规避概率进行预测,为指挥员指挥决策提供数据支撑。     

基于区间数多指标决策的效能评估方法

针对武器效能评估的指标值以及度量指标权重的选取存在不确定性、模糊性和主观性的问题,根据作战效能的特点与系统工程思想,提出了基于区间数的灰色关联法和D-S证据理论相结合的效能评估方法。通过灰色关联法将指标区间值转化为以理想属性偏离度为测度的矩阵,在此基础上与D-S证据理论相结合,构造一种新的基本概率分配函数和新的信息不确定度提取方法,把不确定性问题转化为确定性问题,再利用D-S合成法则进行信息融合,确定最优方案。通过案例分析,结果表明该方法可以得到有效的决策结果并降低决策的不确定性。     

书讯

由青岛海军潜艇学院夏佩伦教授编著的《目标跟踪与信息融合》一书,于2010年4月由国防工业出版社出版。该书介绍了军事应用背景下目标跟踪和信息融合的主要问题、理论和技术。全书共分8章。第1章探讨多传感器目标检测的数据融合,主要介绍利用分布式多传感器探测目标的结果,来综合判断目标是否存在的判决技术。接下来的两章介绍被广泛应用于目标身份信息融合的不确定性推理技术。其中第2章介绍概率推理和证据推理。概率推理以概率论和经典的Bayes定律为基础,对发生与否不确定的多源信息进行综合。证据推理则以     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.