捷联惯导惯性系动基座对准算法研究

针对船载等晃动基座环境,利用多级低通FIR数字滤波器和过渡的惯性坐标系,实现了惯性系动基座对准。分析表明,对准精度取决于等效的东向陀螺漂移大小以及FIR滤波器组的特性,该方法的对准时间长短取决于FIR滤波器组的阶次,并从原理上解决了大失准角问题。实验结果表明:惯性系对准新方案的对准精度与传统罗经方法精度相当,但新方法收敛更快,而且适用于任意失准角。     

导弹惯性平台自对准

本文概述了弹道式导弹惯性平台自对准原理,解决了利用平台罗经原理在以重力惯性坐标系为对准基准时出现的方位控制信号消隐现象,从而提出转换方位控制的全方位自对准方案。在推导全方位自对准系统失准角方程式基础上,对系统的对准误差进行了分析,从而找出影响系统对准精度的主要误差源。最后分析了对准误差对导弹射击精度的影响,并据此提出惯性器件精度的基本要求。     

小波分析在SINS解析粗对准中的应用

给出了捷联惯导系统(SINS)解析粗对准时的捷联矩阵算法和相应的误差角公式,论述了基于正交小波的信号分解理论.对惯性器件的输出信号进行了功率谱分析并进行了小波变换分析处理,有效地滤波了干扰信号和随机噪声,减小了漂移误差角,大幅度地提高了粗对准的精度.     

捷联惯性系统中 IMU 安装误差及陀螺漂移的估计

为减小IMU 安装误差及陀螺漂移对捷联惯性系统导航参数精度的影响,采用速度/姿态角组合匹配传递对准模型的误差方程和IMU的安装误差角方程结合的方法组成新的滤波器模型,并引入改进的BP神经网络算法,实现了IMU安装误差及陀螺漂移的快速有效估计.为对捷联惯性导系统的各项导航参数进行修正和补偿、提高导航精度提供了依据.     

基于矢量定姿的捷联惯导惯性系对准误差分析

针对基于矢量定姿的惯性系对准误差等问题进行了详细的推导与比对分析。首先,建立了以矢量定姿算法为核心的惯性系对准信息流程与算法模型;然后,阐述了应用于对准中的TRAID与QUEST定姿算法原理,详细推导了两种算法的误差协方差模型,建立并分析了重力矢量观测条件下QUEST定姿对准误差与器件误差的解析关系;最后,通过蒙特卡洛多样本仿真实验对比分析了不同对准方法的对准精度与统计特性。理论分析及仿真实验表明:采用QUEST算法的对准极限精度与传统方法的相同,但在等精度观测条件下,QUEST算法的对准精度稳定性要优于TRAID算法。     

浮球式惯性平台连续翻滚自标定自对准方法

针对浮球式惯性平台系统的标定与初始对准问题,提出了一种基于姿态角的连续翻滚自标定自对准方法。根据浮球平台工作原理,建立了惯性器件误差模型,推导了浮球平台的姿态动力学方程;设计了平台在重力场连续翻滚的施矩方案;利用分段线性定常系统和输出灵敏度理论分析了系统的可观性。仿真结果表明,该方法可以同时实现平台系统42项误差系数的高精度标定与初始对准,有效地提高了系统的测量精度。     

惯性平台自标定中惯性仪表安装误差可观测性分析

针对惯性平台自标定中惯性仪表安装误差可观测性问题,深入研究了系统模型与平台坐标系对惯性仪表安装误差可观测性的影响。根据不同系统动力学模型和观测量构建四种系统模型。从可观测性定义出发,分析与判断惯性仪表安装误差在不同系统模型和不同平台坐标系下的可观测性。理论分析和仿真结果均表明惯性仪表安装误差在以下两种情况完全可观:观测量为平台框架角和加速度计输出,系统动力学模型为框架角模型,平台坐标系以平台六面体为基准定义;观测量为加速度输出,系统动力学模型为姿态角或失准角模型,平台坐标系以加速度计敏感轴为基准定义。     

粒子滤波GPS/SINS组合导航系统动基座传递对准

在SINS(捷联式惯性导航系统)与GPS(全球定位系统)组合传递对准时,航向角的可观测性较弱,经过卡尔曼滤波后,航向角误差虽有所改善,但仍呈发散趋势,针对GPS/SINS组合系统特点,提出了一种动基座传递对准方案,依靠GPS测量信息进行速度匹配,完成动基座传递对准.该方案采用粒子滤波方法解决对准过程中的非线性问题.仿真结果表明该方案的对准精度(1σ)可以达到东向失准角误差为5角分,北向失准角误差为2角分,方位失准角误差为6角分.     

一种低精度捷联式惯导系统初始对准方法

捷联式惯导系统的对准,是指在系统进入工作前建立姿态矩阵的初始值。针对低精度捷联式惯导的初始对准,提出了基于捷联式惯导系统和双天线GPS测向系统组合的初始对准方案,并着重推导了失准角和陀螺常值漂移的计算过程,最后利用最小二乘法进行了实验验证,结果表明方法可行。     

捷联惯导系统快速自对准误差模型的建立

通过对惯性制导系统两个基本方程的研究,求出了各状态矢量在各坐标系下的微分方程,然后以ψ角法所确立的平台为基准,分别推导得出惯性制导系统各主要状态的微分方程,从而建立了捷联惯性制导系统的误差模型.最后根据静基座捷联惯导系统初始对准的特点对其进行简化,得到了静基座捷联惯导系统快速自对准的误差模型.     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.