G45钢破片对中大口径弹体侵彻仿真分析北大核心

为了研究不同质量G45钢破片对中大口径弹药壳体侵彻效应,利用有限元分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA建立破片侵彻壳体模型。将弹药壳体通过等效公式换为Q235钢板,开展了在不同速度下,不同质量G45钢破片侵彻等效靶板Q235钢数值模拟仿真。仿真分析结果表明:相同质量下,G45钢破片撞击靶板侵彻深度与侵彻直径随着速度增加呈现递增趋势;得到了4.7 g,9.8 g小质量G45钢破片在800~1800 m/s速度范围内无法有效穿透中大口径弹体等效靶的结论;19.5 g G45钢破片侵彻20 mm的中大口径弹体等效靶的极限穿透速度范围在1200~1400 m/s之间。     

横向效应增强型弹垂直侵彻薄靶的轴向剩余速度理论分析

为了得到横向效应增强型弹（Penetration with Enhanced Lateral Efficiency projectile, PELE）对金属薄靶垂直侵彻后的弹体轴向剩余速度，运用平面冲击波理论，对PELE的侵彻机理进行分析。参照平头弹体对靶板的侵彻模型，将PELE侵彻过程中的能量损失划分为以下几个部分：外壳体和内芯撞靶区域对应的环形塞块获得的能量、冲击波作用下弹体的内能增量以及剪切耗能等。然后根据能量守恒原理，得到PELE垂直侵彻金属薄靶后的PELE弹体轴向剩余速度的理论模型。为了验证该模型的合理性和准确性，设计相应的试验进行验证。结果表明，不同条件下得到的试验结果和理论模型得到的计算结果均吻合得较好。因此，得到的PELE垂直侵彻薄靶的轴向剩余速度理论模型可为工程应用提供指导和参考。     

着靶速度对侵彻膨胀弹横向效应的影响

在建立弹靶模型的基础上,采用有限元软件LS-DYNA对装填尼龙的侵彻膨胀弹以不同着靶速度侵彻4340钢靶板的过程进行了数值模拟。结果表明:着靶速度对侵彻膨胀弹横向效应的产生有一定的影响。在PELE能够穿透靶板的前提下,随着着靶速度的进一步增加,横向效应的作用区域呈现出先减小后增大的趋势,而PELE穿透靶板后的速度损失越来越小;综合考虑横向效应的有效发挥和常规发射条件,PELE着靶速度的选取应选取800 m/s~1 300 m/s较为合适。     

PELE正侵穿金属薄靶轴向剩余速度近似计算与分析

运用冲击波理论,对横向效应增强型弹丸(Penetration with Enhanced Lateral Efficiency,PELE)侵穿金属靶板的机理进行了分析,将PELE侵彻过程中能量损失分为外壳和内芯撞击靶板区域环形塞块获得的能量,冲击波影响范围内外壳和内芯增加的内能,外壳前端外沿和内沿对靶板冲塞剪切耗能等,给出了确定这些能量的计算方法;并依据能量守恒原理,给出了PELE正撞金属薄靶板靶后剩余速度的近似计算公式。公式计算结果与多种条件下实验结果均吻合较好。分析计算所得各能量损失结果表明,弹体内芯材料的变化对弹体侵彻能力的影响较小;侵彻中靶板塞块获得的能量在弹体侵彻动能损失中比重最大;外壳前端内沿对靶板的剪切能耗对弹体动能损失的影响可以忽略。     

不同侵彻速度下陶瓷复合装甲等效均质钢靶板的建立

利用有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA对钨合金长杆弹侵彻陶瓷复合装甲与均质钢进行了数值仿真。重点分析了长杆弹垂直侵彻复合装甲全过程,研究了钨合金长杆弹体入射速度与弹体剩余动能、损失动能之间的关系。同时,拟合了长杆弹在不同入射速度侵彻均质钢靶下弹体剩余动能与靶板厚度之间的关系。并根据终点效应关系式,建立了弹体在不同入射速度下陶瓷复合装甲的均质钢等效靶板。分析结果表明,陶瓷复合装甲等效均质钢靶板厚度随弹体入射速度呈先增加后稳定趋势。研究结果对毁伤效能试验与战斗部设计等具有一定的参考价值和借鉴意义。     

横向效应增强型弹丸正侵穿金属薄靶轴向剩余速度近似计算与分析

运用冲击波理论,对横向效应增强型弹丸(Penetration with Enhanced Lateral Efficiency,PELE)侵穿金属靶板的机理进行了分析,将PELE侵彻过程中能量损失分为外壳撞击靶板区域环形塞块获得的能量,内芯撞击靶板区域塞块获得的能量,冲击波影响范围内外壳和内芯增加的内能,外壳前端外沿和内沿对靶板冲塞剪切耗能等几部分,给出了确定这些能量的计算方法;并依据能量守恒原理,给出了PELE正撞金属薄靶板靶后剩余速度的近似计算公式。公式计算结果与多种条件下实验结果均吻合较好。分析计算所得各能量损失结果表明,弹体内芯材料的变化对弹体侵彻能力的影响较小;侵彻中靶板塞块获得的能量在弹体侵彻动能损失中比重最大;外壳前端内沿对靶板的剪切能耗对弹体动能损失的影响可以忽略。     

球形头部弹丸侵彻运动靶板的数值模拟

为研究球形头部弹丸高速侵彻运动靶板的侵彻规律,运用LS-DYNA动力分析软件仿真研究了不同条件下球形头部弹丸对靶板的正侵彻效应,获得了运动靶板厚度、材料和弹丸着速3种参数对侵彻过程中弹丸弹道偏移、翻转角度和剩余速度的响应规律。结果表明,随着着速的提高,弹丸翻转幅度和弹道偏移量逐渐减小;随着靶板厚度的增加,弹丸正向翻转角度和轴向剩余速度显著减小,而弹道偏移量增大;3种材料运动靶板中,4340钢靶对弹丸弹道偏移、翻转角度和剩余速度的影响最大,Weldox460钢次之,LY12铝最小。     

金属靶体材料动力硬度测试及动态阻力分析

以高速侵彻下45钢靶体侵彻阻力为研究对象,开展了弹体高速侵彻45钢靶体试验,获取了典型弹体对45钢靶体的成坑参数。基于高速侵彻阻力模型对靶体侵彻阻力及影响因素进行分析。结合流体动力学侵彻模型对不同弹体材料侵彻45钢靶体侵彻深度规律进行研究。研究结果表明:随着撞击速度的增大,45钢的靶体阻力从5. 13 GPa减小到3. 7 GPa;基于材料动力硬度测试方法的靶体动态阻力测试结果和理论计算结果吻合较好;随着靶体动态屈服强度的增大,靶体阻力呈线性增大的趋势;侵彻深度及靶体动态阻力理论计算结果和试验数据吻合较好,说明所提动态阻力确定方法可行,可为高速侵彻动力学研究提供参考。     

钢管钢纤维高强混凝土遮弹层抗侵彻数值模拟

运用有限元分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA对钢纤维体积分数为0,0.5%,1.0%,钢管壁厚度为4,7.5 mm的钢管钢纤维高强混凝土遮弹层进行抗侵彻数值模拟研究,引入JHC模型来描述钢纤维高强混凝土在高速、高压环境下的非线性变形和破坏情况。通过分析距离中心侵彻位置不同节点的位移变化曲线,研究了钢管分隔作用对遮弹层抗侵彻的影响,并与现场试验结果进行对比,吻合较好。同时,研究了钢纤维体积分数及钢管壁厚度对遮弹层抗侵彻的影响,结果表明:钢纤维的掺入减轻了弹体的破坏效应、限制了侵彻深度;钢管壁厚度的增加使其更好地发挥了自身的套箍及吸能作用,提高了遮弹层整体的抗侵彻能力。     

气动光学效应内涵及其对成像探测的影响机理北大核心

带有红外成像探测系统的飞行器在大气层内高速飞行时,光学头罩与大气层之间发生剧烈的相互作用,产生气动光学效应。该效应将引起像偏移、像模糊、像抖动,使得红外成像探测系统对目标的成像探测威力下降、探测精度降低。研究了高速动平台下气动光学效应的内涵及其对红外成像探测系统探测威力、探测精度的影响机理,对典型飞行状态下产生的气动光学效应进行了数学仿真计算,得到了仿真计算结果,并对仿真结果进行了分析。     

Effect of projectile parameters on opening behavior of PELE penetrating RC target

When a penetrator with enhanced lateral effect (PELE) impacts on a reinforced concrete (RC) target, the target is damaged with a large opening. An understanding of how PELE projectile parameters affect the opening dimension, is essential for effective design of the PELE projectile. In this study, under the condition that the impact velocity and target parameters (strength and thickness) were fixed values, the important influence factors of the PELE (jacket wall thickness B, jacket material strength Y1, filling material strength Y2 and angle of monolithic jacketθ) were determined by a dimensional analysis. Tests and simulations of the PELE penetrating the RC target were conducted to analyze the influence of these factors on opening diameter ((D), an equivalent diameter under relative kinetic energy). Based on the test and simulation results, it is found that the influence of these factors B, Y1 andθon the deformation mode of the jacket shows a similar trend:as values of the three factors decrease, the jacket deforms from small bending deformation to large one, and then to curling deformation. This causes the opening diameter to first increase with the decrease of these three factors, and then decreases. It is well known that the bending resistance of the jacket is related to these factors B, Y1 andθ. Therefore, a plastic limit bending moment (M0) of the jacket was quoted to characterize the influence of these factors on the bending deformation of the jacket and the opening diameter of the target. The influence factor Y2 causes (D) to first increase with the increase of Y2, and then decreases. A formula was developed to predict the opening diameter, whose influence parameters were considered in a dimensionless way. It has been shown that the dimensionless opening diameter (D)/d1 is dependent on two dimensionless parameters Q = (d31fc/M0) and G = (fc/Y2), where d1 and fc are the outer diameter of the projectile and the compressive strength of the target, respectively.     

Opening behavior of PELE perforation on reinforced concrete target

Impact velocity (v0), target strength (fc) and target thickness (hc) are important factors affecting opening damage ((D)) of PELE penetration into RC target. In this paper, based on the three influence factors of v0, fc and hc, experimental and numerical simulation studies on PELE penetration into RC target were carried out. The study results show that: (1) Since interaction force (or penetration resistance) between pro-jectile and target is positively correlated with v0 and fc, with the increase of v0 and fc, deformation mode of jacket is changed from small bending deformation to large bending deformation and then to curling deformation. Therefore, the variation of jacket deformation mode causes opening diameter of RC target to increase first and then to decrease. It is found that the two factors approximately satisfy a quadratic function relationship, respectively. (2) For PELE projectile penetrating RC targets with thickness of 80—400 mm, the opening diameter of six sets of RC targets grows from 240 to 500 mm, and hc with (D) approximately satisfy a linear relationship. (3) Based on the above study results, the relationship be-tween two dimensionless parameters (I= (mv20/d31fc) and H= hc/l ) and dimensionless opening diameter ((D)/d1) was determined. Combined with the results of previous research, a dimensionless opening diameter model (D)/d1=f1(Q,G,I)f2(H) was established. By tests verified, the test results are all within ±10％error of the theoretical model, which verifies the accuracy of the model.     

屏蔽网遮挡电磁干扰效果评估研究

采用计算机仿真实验和实装对抗试验相结合的方法,完成了屏蔽网遮挡低仰角电磁干扰效果的评估。首先推导了绕射数学公式,建立了数学模型,并进行了计算机仿真实验。通过实装对抗试验检验了屏蔽网遮挡低仰角电磁干扰效果,通过比对分析仿真结果和实装对抗试验数据,结果基本一致,证明了采用的评估方法科学可行,给出了屏蔽网遮挡低仰角电磁干扰的效果。     

Damage of multi-layer spaced metallic target plates impacted by radial layered PELE

Three different kinds of PELE (the penetrator with lateral efficiency) were launched by ballistic artillery to impact the multi-layer spaced metal target plates. The impact velocities of the projectiles were measured by the velocity measuring system. The damage degree and process of each layer of target plate impacted by the three kinds of projectiles were analyzed. The experimental results show that all the three kinds of projectiles have the effect of expanding holes on the multi-layer spaced metal target plates. For the normal structure PELE(without layered) with tungsten alloy jacket and the radial layered PELE with tungsten alloy jacket, the diameters of holes on the second layer of plates are 3.36 times and 3.76 times of the diameter of the projectile, respectively. For radial layered PELE with W/Zr-based amorphous composite jacket, due to the large number of tungsten wires dispersed after the impact, the diameter of the holes on the four-layer spaced plates can reach 2.4 times, 3.04 times, 5.36 times and 2.68 times of the diameter of the projectile. Besides, the normal structure PELE with tungsten alloy jacket and the radial layered PELE whit tungsten alloy jacket formed a large number of fragments impact marks on the third target plate. Although the number of fragments penetrating the third target plate is not as large as that of the normal structure PELE, the area of dispersion of fragments impact craters on the third target plate is larger by the radial layered PELE. The radial layered PELE with W/Zr-based amorphous composite jacket released a lot of heat energy due to the impact of the matrix material, and formed a large area of ablation marks on the last three target plates.     

消磁脉冲电流对发电机组转速的影响及其改进措施探讨

从现行的消磁脉冲电流对发电机组转速产生较大影响的事实出发,研究机组运行情况的数学模型,建立了基于Matlab的系统框图模型,并进行仿真实验,实验结果定量描述了消磁脉冲电流对机组转速影响的程度.在此基础上,提出了使用上升沿较缓的电流波形的方案.仿真结果表明,该方案可行.     

装备维修中备件需求率的预计方法

通过研究装备维修过程中器件的固有可靠性和维修性,着重分析了影响维修器件需求率的主要因素.利用系统建模和仿真的方法,分别针对耗损类型器件和可修复类型器件建立了相应的需求数学模型,最后给出了维修备件需求率的预计方法.     

电场作用微燃烧器的液体乙醇层流扩散燃烧

采用实验和数值模拟方法对电场作用下微燃烧器的液体乙醇层流扩散燃烧进行研究。研究结果表明,数值模拟高温区与实验拍摄火焰结构外形相似,前者的结构尺寸均高于后者;H/d与R e基本上呈线性增加关系,W/d先随R e线性增加,后变化幅度较小;H/d与电场强度E之间存在波浪曲线关系,波浪整体呈上升趋势,W/d整体上随电场强度E也呈上升趋势;火焰高度和宽度无量纲的数值模拟值与实验计算值吻合良好。     

基于任务的舰空导弹武器系统可靠性试验设计

针对舰空导弹在作战任务和战斗中的使用特点,构建基于远洋任务的使用剖面,利用试验设计与仿真试验相结合的方法,研究舰空导弹武器系统及分系统可靠性对导弹武器系统作战效能的影响。建立舰空导弹武器系统的可靠性模型和使用模型。设置不同的作战任务背景,提出了基于任务的舰空导弹武器系统可靠性对作战效能影响的指标,在设定的3种典型作战任务模式下舰空导弹武器系统可靠性对作战效能的影响进行了试验设计和仿真研究。通过仿真比较了任务条件下各可靠性指标和设定的可靠性增长对作战效能的影响。