Pitting corrosion resistance and bond strength of stainless steel overlay by friction surfacing on high strength low alloy steel

Surface modification is essential for improving the service properties of components. Cladding is one of the most widely employed methods of surface modification. Friction surfacing is a candidate process for depositing the corrosion resistant coatings. Being a solid state process, it offers several advantages over conventional fusion based surfacing process. The aim of this work is to identify the relationship between the input variables and the process response and develop the predictive models that can be used in the design of new friction surfacing applications. In the current work, austenitic stainless steel AISI 304 was friction surfaced on high strength low alloy steel substrate. Friction surfacing parameters,such as mechtrode rotational speed, feed rate of substrate and axial force on mechtrode, play a major role in determining the pitting corrosion resistance and bond strength of friction surfaced coatings. Friction surfaced coating and base metal were tested for pitting corrosion by potentiodynamic polarization technique. Coating microstructure was characterized using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Coatings in the as deposited condition exhibited strain-induced martensite in austenitic matrix. Pitting resistance of surfaced coatings was found to be much lower than that of mechtrode material and superior to that of substrate. A central composite design with three factors(mechtrode rotational speed, substrate traverse speed, axial load on mechtrode) and five levels was chosen to minimize the number of experimental conditions. Response surface methodology was used to develop the model. In the present work, an attempt has been made to develop a mathematical model to predict the pitting corrosion resistance and bond strength by incorporating the friction surfacing process parameters.     

原位反应电火花沉积TiN陶瓷增强相的工艺性能

以TC4钛合金为电极,氮气作为反应气和保护气,在45钢表面原位反应生成含TiN的沉积层。对电压、电容、频率、转速和比沉积时间5个沉积层厚度影响因子,各设4个工艺水平,进行正交试验,研究多项工艺参数同时变化时沉积层厚度的变化规律。结果表明：选用电容为120μF,输出电压145 V,比沉积时间3 min/cm2时可获得综合质量最优的沉积层。电火花反应沉积层与基体形成冶金结合,沉积层均匀致密,厚度约为30～40μm,主要由TiN、FeTi和Fe9.64Ti0.36组成。沉积层的弹性模量为183.614 GPa,而纳米硬度达14.039 GPa,是基体的4倍。结果表明：原位反应电火花沉积可有效改善材料的表面性能。     

SiC纤维表面CVD SiC涂层对其单丝强度的影响

采用化学气相沉积(CVD, Chemical Vapor Deposition)工艺在KD-I型SiC纤维表面制备了SiC涂层,选择2h、4h、6h和8h四个时间点研究了沉积时间对纤维性能的影响.结果表明:具有CVD SiC涂层的SiC纤维较无涂层的纤维来说强度有所下降;在所研究的沉积时间范围内,随着沉积时间的增加,涂层的厚度有所增加,涂层由不连续的岛状转变为连续层状,纤维的单丝强度出现了先升后降的趋势.     

非对称通气空泡多相流场特性研究

通气空泡的非对称介质分布将影响其水动力特性,继而影响空泡稳定控制,目前对其流动特性的认识较为局限.为揭示非对称通气空泡的流动机理,基于循环水洞实验及数值仿真开展了多相流场特性研究.结果 表明:非对称流动导致空泡形成非对称沾湿区,依据流动介质的不同,非对称沾湿区可分为透明气相区、水气混合区及沾湿区.水气混合边界由底端母线...     

铝合金表面涂覆隐身吸波涂层脱落原因分析

通过对某装备车体外脱落隐身吸波涂层样品的表面形貌、截面形貌、元素组成及含量分析,发现吸波涂层和Al2O3钝化层之间没有化学结合键,只存在物理吸附和机械结合,在外部环境的作用下,很容易引起隐身吸波涂层的脱落。     

Experimental investigation on anti-penetration performance of polyurea-coated ASTM1045 steel plate subjected to projectile impact

In this study, the anti-penetration performance of polyurea/ASTM1405-steel composite plate subjected to high velocity projectile was analyzed. Two kinds of modified polyurea material (AMMT-053 and AMMT-055) were selected and a ballistic impact testing system including speed measuring target system and high-speed camera was designed. This experiment was conducted with a rifle and 5.8 mm projectile to explore the effects by the polyurea coating thickness, the polyurea coating position and the glass-fiber cloth on the anti-penetration performance of polyurea/ASTM1405-steel composite plate. The result showed that the effects of polyurea coating position were different between two types of polyurea, and that the effects of glass-fiber position were disparate between two types of polyurea as well. For AMMT-053 polyurea material, it was better to be on front face than on rear face; whereas for AMMT-055 pol-yurea, it was better to be on rear surface although the difference was very subtle. Additionally, formulas had been given to describe the relationship between the effectiveness of polyurea and the thickness of polyurea coating. In general, AMMT-055 had better anti-penetration performance than AMMT-053. Furthermore, five typical damage modes including self-healing, crack, local bulge, spallation and local fragmentation were defined and the failure mechanism was analyzed with the results of SHPB test. Additionally, the bonding strength played an important role in the anti-penetration performance of polyurea/steel composite plate.     

一种基于离心雾化的新型热喷涂技术

研究开发了一种新型的热喷涂技术——离心雾化转移弧等离子喷涂技术(CAPTAS),阐述了该技术工作原理、设备以及熔融粒子的离心雾化机理。观察了采用该技术所制备的涂层微观组织结构,通过能谱仪对该涂层的成分进行了分析, 并与传统的电弧喷涂涂层进行了比较。结果表明,采用CAPTAS技术制备的涂层具有和传统电弧喷涂涂层类似的扁平化层状结构,但粒子大、变形小、氧化物含量低。     

军用装备镁合金表面微弧氧化层SEM微观形貌及耐蚀性分析

利用微弧氧化技术的恒电流方式,在含有Na：SiO,和KF等电解质的溶液中制备了AZ91D镁合金微弧氧化层,通过扫描电镜观察分析及Cu加速盐雾腐蚀试验,研究了电解液中Na：SiO,和KF质量浓度对微弧氧化层结构及耐蚀性的影响。结果表明：在相同反应条件下,微弧氧化层厚度和表面粗糙度随Na：SiO,和KF质量浓度的增加而增加,微弧氧化层的耐蚀性取决于其表面粗糙度和厚度,粗糙度小、具有一定厚度的致密微弧氧化层耐蚀性好。     

Irreversible demagnetization mechanism of permanent magnets during electromagnetic buffering

The permanent magnets will be irreversibly demagnetized under high temperature and high velocity during the electromagnetic buffering. In this study, the magnetic field induced by eddy currents and the self-demagnetizing field of permanent magnet are taken into consideration together for demagnetiza-tion analyse. The magnetic Reynolds number is used to express the eddy currents demagnetization. The correction coefficient being expressed as the index of the air-gap width, the inner cylinder thickness, iron pole axial length and the permanent magnet demagnetization coefficient is introduced by magnetic path analysis to represent the self-demagnetization effect and the demagnetization extent. The electromag-netic buffer (EMB) prototype is tested under intensive impact loads of different strengths at room temperature. The accuracy of the nonlinear irreversible demagnetization finite element model is verified by demagnetization on damping force, velocity and displacement. Finally, high-velocity demagnetization and high-temperature demagnetization are analysed in order to obtain the distribution law of irre-versible demagnetization.     

Optimization of process parameters of aluminum alloy AA 2014-T6 friction stir welds by response surface methodology

The heat treatable aluminum-copper alloy AA2014 finds wide application in the aerospace and defence industry due to its high strength-toweight ratio and good ductility. Friction stir welding(FSW) process, an emerging solid state joining process, is suitable for joining this alloy compared to fusion welding processes. This work presents the formulation of a mathematical model with process parameters and tool geometry to predict the responses of friction stir welds of AA 2014-T6 aluminum alloy, viz yield strength, tensile strength and ductility. The most influential process parameters considered are spindle speed, welding speed, tilt angle and tool pin profile. A four-factor, five-level central composite design was used and a response surface methodology(RSM) was employed to develop the regression models to predict the responses.The mechanical properties, such as yield strength(YS), ultimate tensile strength(UTS) and percentage elongation(%El), are considered as responses. Method of analysis of variance was used to determine the important process parameters that affect the responses. Validation trials were carried out to validate these results. These results indicate that the friction stir welds of AA 2014-T6 aluminum alloy welded with hexagonal tool pin profile have the highest tensile strength and elongation, whereas the joints fabricated with conical tool pin profile have the lowest tensile strength and elongation.     

活塞环表面CrTiAlN复合涂层的抗高温腐蚀性能研究

采用多弧离子镀技术,利用Cr靶和TiAl靶,在活塞环材料65 Mn钢基体上制备了CrTiAlN复合涂层,并对电镀Cr、CrN和CrTiAlN复合涂层在800℃下的抗高温腐蚀性能进行了比较分析,用扫描电镜、能谱仪和X射线衍射仪观察分析了样品表面高温腐蚀氧化膜。结果表明:CrTiAlN复合涂层具有优异的抗高温腐蚀性能,在800℃时仍具有良好的抗高温腐蚀性能,其氧化机理是O向涂层内部扩散氧化,在高温腐蚀过程中,CrTiAlN涂层中的Cr发生了选择性氧化,优先形成了Cr2O3,CrTiAlN涂层氧化层区域的结构由外至里组成顺序为Cr2O3、Al2O3+TiO2、(Cr,Ti,Al)N。涂层外层的Cr2O3氧化物有利于阻碍氧元素向涂层内部扩散,能够降低涂层的高温腐蚀速度。     

Performance characterization of Ni60-WC coating on steel processed with supersonic laser deposition

Ni60-WC particles are used to improve the wear resistance of hard-facing steel due to their high hardness. An emerging technology that combines laser with cold spraying to deposit the hard-facing coatings is known as supersonic laser deposition. In this study, Ni60-WC is deposited on low-carbon steel using SLD. The microstructure and performance of the coatings are investigated through SEM, optical microscopy, EDS, XRD, microhardness and pin-on-disc wear tests. The experimental results of the coating processed with the optimal parameters are compared to those of the coating deposited using laser cladding.     

飞行器涂层防热选材、设计与应用

就防热材料选材、设计,主要是涂层设计原理和设计过程中需要考虑的一些问题浅谈了一些体会,对变密度非稳态的、有机/无机杂化防热涂层材料的热导率计算等参数辨识方法原理作了初步探讨,还介绍了几种热防护涂层(TPC)的性能、应用情况和防热效果.     

永磁无刷直流直线电机齿槽力补偿控制研究

永磁无刷直流直线电机的齿槽定位力对其低速性能影响很大,而单纯的设计方法不可能完全消除齿槽力的影响,为此,必须在控制系统中对齿槽力进行补偿。针对包含齿槽力模型的理想电机控制系统进行了理论分析,指出通过引入位置反馈环节可以消除齿槽力的不良影响。利用有限元分析方法计算了电机的推力和齿槽力波形,验证了低速条件下推力波动主要由齿槽力引起,并说明可以通过位置反馈来补偿推力波动。最后,提出将一个齿槽力周期分为多个区间,然后分段进行线性补偿的简易控制方法。该方法无需高精度的定位装置和复杂的控制算法即可实现对电机齿槽力的补偿,实验结果表明,所提方法能够有效抑制电机的推力波动。     

离子镀TiN涂层工艺参数优化及工作距离对表面质量的影响

采用多弧离子镀(multi-arc deposition)沉积TiN涂层,分析工艺参数对涂层表面质量的影响。首先以硬度为考核指标,设计了Ti弧流、N2流量、Ar流量、烘烤温度和偏压的5因素、4水平L16(45)正交试验,优化工艺参数。然后分析了优化工艺参数条件下,工件到靶材的距离(工作距离)对涂层表面质量的影响。采用SEM分析了表面形貌,通过截面形貌确定了涂层厚度;采用Nano-indentation测定了涂层硬度。结果发现:5个因素对涂层硬度的影响程度不同,影响硬度的因素主次顺序为Ti弧流—Ar流量—偏压—烘烤温度—N2流量;试验条件下,5因素的最优水平依次为70 A,10 sccm,40 V,350℃,44 sccm;存在最佳工作距离(约30 cm),使涂层表面质量最佳。     

高速电弧喷涂耐磨涂层性能研究

将低碳马氏体和3Cr13+AlRE伪合金高速电弧喷涂层进行了性能和组织结构的对比分析。实验结果表明,与伪合金涂层相比,低碳马氏体涂层呈现出更优异的力学性能、耐磨性能和机械加工性能。该涂层可用于发动机曲轴等零件的再制造。     

基片方向对多弧离子镀ZrN涂层性能的影响

采用多弧离子镀在304不锈钢基体表面沉积ZrN涂层。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、纳米压入仪、电化学分析仪等，比较了基片方向对涂层结构、形貌、成分、沉积速率、硬度以及耐腐蚀性的影响。结果表明：基片方向不同会引起晶体择优取向的改变；垂直于靶材的样品表面大颗粒相对较少，但沉积速率只有平行样品的40％-50％；在负偏压条件下，平行于靶材的样品涂层硬度更高，而垂直样品获得更好的耐腐蚀性。     

Numerical modeling of friction stir welding using the tools with polygonal pins

Friction stir welding using the tools with polygonal pins is often found to improve the mechanical strength of weld joint in comparison to the tools with circular pins. However, the impacts of pin profile on the peak temperature, tool torque and traverse force, and the resultant mechanical stresses experienced by the tool have been rarely reported in a systematic manner. An estimation of the rate of heat generation for the tools with polygonal pins is challenging due to their non-axisymmetric cross-section about the tool axis. A novel methodology is presented to analytically estimate the rate of heat generation for the tools with polygonal pins. A three-dimensional heat transfer analysis of friction stir welding is carried out using finite element method. The computed temperature field from the heat transfer model is used to estimate the torque, traverse force and the mechanical stresses experienced by regular triangular, square, pentagon and hexagon pins following the principles of solid mechanics. The computed results show that the peak temperature experienced by the tool pin increases with the number of pin sides. However, the resultant maximum shear stress experienced by the pin reduces from the triangular to hexagonal pins.     

榴弹隐身涂层粘合强度分析

隐身榴弹在发射过程中,表面涂敷的RAM将承受较大的加速度过载,为了保证发射过程中RAM不脱落,要求RAM具有克服过载的粘着强度。分析了榴弹涂敷隐身材料的强度要求,根据要求设计粘合胶强度、RAM的厚度和密度等参数,并进行实验验证。     

论短肢剪力墙的轴压比限值

在理论方面,短肢剪力墙的研究尚处在探索阶段,缺少系统的研究,有关短肢剪力墙结构的轴压比对抗剪性能的影响分析还很不完善。在理论分析的基础上,确定了用以判断构件大、小偏压状态的界限轴压比,得到了为保证T形截面短肢剪力墙构件具有一定延性的轴压比限值。