基于高熵合金的镁合金表面防护技术研究

为改善镁合金表面耐蚀性能,设计并制备了3种高熵合金喷涂粉末,采用冷喷涂技术制备涂层.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、显微硬度计等研究了涂层组织和力学性能.用电化学方法分析评价了涂层在质量分数为3.5％ NaC1溶液中的耐蚀性能.结果表明:涂层由BCC简单结构固溶体组成,晶粒范围在12 ～37 nm之间;涂层孔隙率小于1％,表明冷喷涂涂层更为致密,且结合强度达58 MPa,涂层与基体以机械结合为主;涂层极化曲线均山现钝化现象,自腐蚀电位较基体正移,自腐蚀电流密度显著减小;循环极化曲线表明涂层无孔蚀倾向,交流阻抗谱与极化曲线结果相符合.高熵合金涂层可显著改善镁合金表面耐蚀性能.     

超音速微粒沉积Ti-45Al-7Nb-4Cr涂层的摩擦学性能

针对铝合金表面硬度低和易磨损的问题,采用超音速微粒沉积技术在5083铝合金表面制备了Ti-45Al-7Nb-4Cr合金涂层。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对涂层微观形貌和物相组成进行了观察和分析,并对比测试了5083铝合金、Ti-45Al-7Nb-4Cr合金铸锭和涂层的显微硬度和摩擦学性能。结果表明:Ti-45Al-7Nb-4Cr合金涂层内部颗粒间存在冶金结合和机械嵌合2种结合方式,涂层与5083铝合金基体的结合方式为机械嵌合;涂层主要相组成为γ-Ti Al、α2-Ti3Al和β-Ti相;通过在5083铝合金表面制备Ti-45Al-7Nb-4Cr合金涂层,显微硬度提高4倍以上,磨损体积减少69%以上;涂层的磨损机理为磨料磨损和氧化磨损,具有较好的耐磨性能。     

等离子喷涂Al_2O_3对不锈钢抗烧蚀性能的影响

在201不锈钢板的单面上采用等离子喷涂NiCrAlY-Al2O3抗烧蚀复合涂层,通过循环烧蚀实验研究了喷涂样品的抗烧蚀性能。利用SEM和EDS等方法,测试了高温火焰烧蚀前后样品涂层面和无涂层面的形貌和元素组成。实验和测试结果表明:NiCrA-lY-Al2O3抗烧蚀复合涂层与201不锈钢结合性好;高温火焰烧蚀后,样品涂层面平整性有所下降,无涂层面有氧化物生成并有合金小球析出,且喷涂样品的烧蚀程度明显小于未喷涂样品,说明NiCrAlY-Al2O3抗烧蚀复合涂层对201不锈钢基材起到了抗烧蚀保护作用,提高了201不锈钢的抗烧蚀性能。     

热处理对FeCrNiCoCu高熵合金涂层的影响

采用自动化高速电弧喷涂技术,并结合FeCrNiCoCu粉芯丝材制备了高熵合金复合涂层,使用差示扫描量热法分析了涂层中非晶结构的转变温度.同时,对涂层进行了不同温度条件的热处理,研究了热处理前后涂层的组织结构、硬度及其磨损性能.结果显示:高熵合金涂层在500℃附近发生了非晶结构的晶化转变;热处理前涂层中主要含有CuNi、Fe3Ni2、Cr2Ni3等组成的面心立方结构固溶体和少量Fe3O4相,热处理后,氧化物Fe3O4峰强度随着加热温度的升高而增强,并且当温度超过500℃后,涂层中出现了Ni-Cr-Fe相;涂层的显微硬度随着热处理温度的升高而升高,在500℃出现最高值,涂层表现出了明显的回火硬化特征,耐磨损性能较热处理前的涂层有明显提高.     

Zn-Al—Mg-RE高速电弧喷涂工艺过程的氧化行为分析

为分析高速电弧喷涂工艺制备Zn-Al-Mg-RE防腐涂层的氧化行为,通过XRD、SEM和EDS试验探究了喷涂工艺对该涂层氧化物的组成、含量及其形态的影响规律,并测试了涂层的中性盐雾腐蚀性能。结果发现：该涂层具有典型的层状结构特征,在相互叠加的扁平颗粒之间有很薄的氧化物膜,同时在扁平颗粒的内部也非均匀地分布着富氧化物区,XRD显示这些氧化物主要为ZnO2和尖晶石结构的ZnAl2O4与MgAl2O4等。分析认为：喷涂时液态金属熔滴在高速气流剪切力作用和反应热梯度作用下,加剧了Zn-Al-Mg-RE熔滴的氧化,这些交错分布的氧化物对合金相产生了较好的屏蔽效果,从而提高了涂层的耐蚀性能。     

陶瓷/金属梯度热障涂层的制备及性能评价

为了评价陶瓷/金属梯度热障涂层的性能,设计了4种涂层方案和2种基体材料(1Cr18Ni9Ti和2Cr13).利用单枪单送粉器成功地制备了线性梯度涂层.通过观察涂层的微观结构、测量涂层的抗热震性能和热残余应力来评价涂层的性能.利用扫描电镜对各种陶瓷涂层的微观结构进行了观察和分析,利用X射线能谱分析得到了陶瓷梯度涂层试样中的不同区域的衍射图.热震试验表明,梯度涂层比非梯度涂层具有更好的抗热震性能.采用钻孔法对不同涂层方案进行了残余应力的测量,结果表明,压应力出现在1Cr18Ni9Ti基体材料上,而拉应力出现在2Cr13基体材料上.     

等离子喷涂Ni基合金涂层热腐蚀行为研究

为探究Ni基合金涂层的热腐蚀防护机理,采用等离子喷涂法在304不锈钢表面制备了NiCr和NiAl两种合金涂层,以75％Na2SO4+25％NaCl的混合盐溶液为腐蚀介质,研究了涂层在700℃下的热腐蚀情况.分别使用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪对涂层的热腐蚀形貌和晶相变化进行表征,并绘制了涂层的热腐蚀动力学曲线.结果表明...     

CrTiAlN复合涂层的抗高温氧化性能与机理

采用多弧离子镀技术,利用Cr靶和TiAl靶,在活塞环材料65Mn钢基体上了制备CrTiAlN复合涂层,并对电镀Cr、CrN和CrTiAlN复合涂层在900℃下的高温氧化性能进行了比较,利用扫描电镜、能谱和X射线衍射观察和分析了样品表面氧化膜的性能,得到了CrTiAlN复合涂层的氧化机理。试验结果表明：CrTiAlN复合涂层在900℃时具有良好的抗高温氧化性能。     

铝合金隔热涂层研究

本工作研究了在ＬＹ１２表面用等离子喷涂氧化锆隔热涂层的热传导性能和抗热震性能及气孔率对这些性能的影响。结果表明,在所选择的最佳工艺参数和厚度下,涂层具有良好的绝热性和抗热震性。     

喷涂层接触疲劳失效信号响应试验研究

采用超音速等离子喷涂设备制备了铁基自熔剂合金涂层，通过球盘式接触疲劳试验机考察了喷涂层的疲劳行为，使用扫描电子显微镜对涂层的截面和失效形貌进行了表征，研究了不同信号响应对涂层接触疲劳失效形式的指示作用。结果表明：在该应力水平下，喷涂层的接触疲劳失效形式为点蚀和分层失效。振动和扭矩信号的响应可以反馈不同的失效过程，点蚀失效过程中信号呈现渐变的特征，而分层失效过程中信号则发生明显的阶跃。     

Performance characterization of Ni60-WC coating on steel processed with supersonic laser deposition

Ni60-WC particles are used to improve the wear resistance of hard-facing steel due to their high hardness. An emerging technology that combines laser with cold spraying to deposit the hard-facing coatings is known as supersonic laser deposition. In this study, Ni60-WC is deposited on low-carbon steel using SLD. The microstructure and performance of the coatings are investigated through SEM, optical microscopy, EDS, XRD, microhardness and pin-on-disc wear tests. The experimental results of the coating processed with the optimal parameters are compared to those of the coating deposited using laser cladding.     

Pitting corrosion resistance and bond strength of stainless steel overlay by friction surfacing on high strength low alloy steel

Surface modification is essential for improving the service properties of components. Cladding is one of the most widely employed methods of surface modification. Friction surfacing is a candidate process for depositing the corrosion resistant coatings. Being a solid state process, it offers several advantages over conventional fusion based surfacing process. The aim of this work is to identify the relationship between the input variables and the process response and develop the predictive models that can be used in the design of new friction surfacing applications. In the current work, austenitic stainless steel AISI 304 was friction surfaced on high strength low alloy steel substrate. Friction surfacing parameters,such as mechtrode rotational speed, feed rate of substrate and axial force on mechtrode, play a major role in determining the pitting corrosion resistance and bond strength of friction surfaced coatings. Friction surfaced coating and base metal were tested for pitting corrosion by potentiodynamic polarization technique. Coating microstructure was characterized using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Coatings in the as deposited condition exhibited strain-induced martensite in austenitic matrix. Pitting resistance of surfaced coatings was found to be much lower than that of mechtrode material and superior to that of substrate. A central composite design with three factors(mechtrode rotational speed, substrate traverse speed, axial load on mechtrode) and five levels was chosen to minimize the number of experimental conditions. Response surface methodology was used to develop the model. In the present work, an attempt has been made to develop a mathematical model to predict the pitting corrosion resistance and bond strength by incorporating the friction surfacing process parameters.     

基片方向对多弧离子镀ZrN涂层性能的影响

采用多弧离子镀在304不锈钢基体表面沉积ZrN涂层。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、纳米压入仪、电化学分析仪等，比较了基片方向对涂层结构、形貌、成分、沉积速率、硬度以及耐腐蚀性的影响。结果表明：基片方向不同会引起晶体择优取向的改变；垂直于靶材的样品表面大颗粒相对较少，但沉积速率只有平行样品的40％-50％；在负偏压条件下，平行于靶材的样品涂层硬度更高，而垂直样品获得更好的耐腐蚀性。     

坦克履带板材料的现状和探讨

论述了现用坦克履带板的使用情况和主要失效形式,通过分析ZGMn13的加工硬化特点,提出了降低奥氏体的稳定性,在使用中实现应变诱发马氏体相变的强化机制,并完成了实验室条件下的成分设计和优化.     

多弧离子镀CrNx涂层的工艺与摩擦磨损性能

为了改善发动机活塞环的摩擦学性能和提高其使用寿命,采用多弧离子镀技术在活塞环表面制备了不同N2含量和弧电流的CrNx硬膜,采用X射线衍射技术、扫描电子显微镜、纳米硬度仪和发动机台架试验装置,分别测试了薄膜相结构、表面形貌、纳米硬度和抗高温摩擦磨损性能。研究结果表明：当N2质量分数为45%时,薄膜纳米硬度相对较高,CrNx薄膜中主要以CrN（220）相为主;随着弧电流的增加,薄膜的表面颗粒尺寸增加,当弧电流为60A时,薄膜纳米硬度相对较高。与Cr电镀层活塞环相比,CrNx涂层活塞环具有较强的抗高温粘着磨损性能。     

Microstructure and corrosion behaviour of gas tungsten arc welds of maraging steel

Superior properties of maraging steels make them suitable for the fabrication of components used for military applications like missile covering, rocket motor casing and ship hulls. Welding is the main process for fabrication of these components, while the maraging steels can be fusion welded using gas tungsten arc welding(GTAW) process. All these fabricated components require longer storage life and a major problem in welds is susceptible to stress corrosion cracking(SCC). The present study is aimed at studying the SCC behaviour of MDN 250(18% Ni) steel and its welds with respect to microstructural changes. In the present study, 5.2 mm thick sheets made of MDN 250 steel in the solution annealed condition was welded using GTAW process. Post-weld heat treatments of direct ageing(480 C for 3 h), solutionizing(815 C for 1 h) followed by ageing and homogenizing(1150 C for 1 h) followed by ageing were carried out. A mixture of martensite and austenite was observed in the microstructure of the fusion zone of solutionized and direct aged welds and only martensite in as-welded condition. Homogenization and ageing treatment have eliminated reverted austenite and elemental segregation. Homogenized welds also exhibited a marginal improvement in the corrosion resistance compared to those in the as-welded, solutionized and aged condition. Constant load SCC test data clearly revealed that the failure time of homogenized weld is much longer compared to other post weld treatments, and the homogenization treatment is recommended to improve the SCC life of GTA welds of MDN 250 Maraging steel.     

超音速等离子制备Al/Ni涂层的性能特点

以超音速等离子喷涂系统(HEPJet)为平台,采用铝包镍(Al/Ni)自粘结粉末,借助Spray Watch2i在线监测系统、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和WE-10A万能拉伸试验机,研究了超音速等离子喷涂Al/Ni粒子的速度、温度及涂层的组织性能。研究结果表明:超音速等离子喷涂Al/Ni自粘结粉末时,与普通火焰喷涂不同,射流中无明显的放热反应特征,涂层中也未发现Al-Ni化合物;超音速等离子的喷涂功率、喷涂距离等参数对Al/Ni喷涂粒子的状态和涂层组织性能影响显著,当功率为54.6kW、喷涂距离为150mm时,Al/Ni涂层组织致密,与基体的结合强度高达56MPa。     

SiO2 溶胶不同掺杂方式对含氟聚丙烯酸酯/SiO2 杂化涂层性能的影响

用酸催化溶胶-凝胶法制得SiO2溶胶,分别采用共混法和原位聚合法制备含氟聚丙烯酸酯/SiO2纳米杂化涂层.利用红外光谱、扫描电镜等表征了杂化涂层的结构、形态及SiO2相的分散性;研究了SiO2含量、分布和界面状况等与杂化涂层的表面性能和力学性能的关联与影响.结果表明,SiO2在两种方法制备的杂化涂层中均以Si-O网络的形式存在,原位聚合法中SiO2相的分散性优于共混法;含氟聚丙烯酸酯涂层中引入SiO2相后,涂层性能明显提高,共混法的疏水性优于原位聚合法;二者的力学性能随SiO2相含量变化的趋势相同,原位聚合法略优于共混法.     

活塞环表面CrTiAlN复合涂层的抗高温腐蚀性能研究

采用多弧离子镀技术,利用Cr靶和TiAl靶,在活塞环材料65 Mn钢基体上制备了CrTiAlN复合涂层,并对电镀Cr、CrN和CrTiAlN复合涂层在800℃下的抗高温腐蚀性能进行了比较分析,用扫描电镜、能谱仪和X射线衍射仪观察分析了样品表面高温腐蚀氧化膜。结果表明:CrTiAlN复合涂层具有优异的抗高温腐蚀性能,在800℃时仍具有良好的抗高温腐蚀性能,其氧化机理是O向涂层内部扩散氧化,在高温腐蚀过程中,CrTiAlN涂层中的Cr发生了选择性氧化,优先形成了Cr2O3,CrTiAlN涂层氧化层区域的结构由外至里组成顺序为Cr2O3、Al2O3+TiO2、(Cr,Ti,Al)N。涂层外层的Cr2O3氧化物有利于阻碍氧元素向涂层内部扩散,能够降低涂层的高温腐蚀速度。