基于约束满足的多目标对地观测卫星成像调度

EOS(对地观测卫星)成像调度需要根据用户提出的成像任务需求确定卫星成像序列,是一个复杂的组合优化问题。考虑到成像侧视约束条件,建立EOS成像调度的多目标有向无环约束图模型。在此模型的基础上提出了基于SPEA2(strength pareto evolutionary algorithm 2)的多目标成像调度算法,采用约束控制技术设计遗传算子处理成像约束。经过三个实际的多目标成像调度问题测试,表明该算法可以有效地解决EOS成像调度问题。     

目标图像运动特征分析

在红外成像导弹导引头的信息处理中,目标图像特征研究是导引头技术研究中的一个重要问题。对各种潜在目标成像特征的详细研究是红外成像导引头信息处理研究的基础。在此项工作完成的基础上,可以实现对导引头目标识别和跟踪算法的评价,同时也可以辅助图像处理算法的选择和优化。在分析红外成像制导空空导弹工作原理的基础上,建立了导弹、目标的仿真模型,对常见的目标图像运动特征进行了仿真分析。给出了在空战条件下目标图像运动特征的部分仿真结果。     

地下圆柱状目标综合孔径成像的可行性研究

本文报告一种地下目标微波全息成像雷达的可行性研究。这种雷达拟用于城市环境中地下公用设施,诸如供水管道、电缆等的探查。它的主要优点是能提供高分辨力的可视图象,有利于对地下目标的识别。文中给出了成像的理论分析,介绍了实验系统和数据拾取与处理中所遇到的问题及其解决办法。最后给出了实验结果和当前进展的情况,并指出需要继续解决的问题。     

探地雷达的地下目标定位方法

目标定位是雷达需要完成的主要功能之一,提出了机载探测时的地下目标定位方法-多点测量方法.在建立电磁信号从机载雷达到地下目标传播路径模型的基础上,该方法利用合成孔径技术中多点测量的特点,利用机载探地雷达在不同位置的回波时间,建立并求解包含目标信息的方程组,实现机载条件下探地雷达对地下目标的定位.同时得到了地层媒质的相对介电常数,为地层研究提供了有力条件.     

防空导弹武器系统射击次数的建模方法*

为评估防空导弹武器系统射击效能,在一定假设条件下,通过对防空导弹武器系统射击过程的分析,对单目标通道建立了射击次数模型.该模型考虑了目标的航路捷径和飞行高度.单目标通道射击次数模型经适当变换可求出第一个目标通道的射击次数,并根据一个射击循环中可用目标通道数受遭遇时间的限制,分三种情况对多目标通道防空导弹武器系统建立了射击次数模型.最后举例进行了仿真计算,得到了不同T值下的射击次数和遭遇点.计算结果符合实际,表明该模型具有较好的适用性.     

空气-海水两层模型中雷电在海水中产生的电磁场计算

将任意分布的电流源产生的电磁场看作是电偶极子产生的电磁场的叠加,利用镜像法推导了上半空间中的垂直直流电偶极子在两层媒质中产生电磁场的解析解.基于BG 模型,将雷电回击通道等效为无穷多个电偶极子的组合,通过对回击通道积分,计算了在空气-海水两层模型中雷电在海水中产生的电磁场.模拟结果证明,雷电产生的电磁场是水下电磁场传感器设计必须考虑的因素之一.     

“挖地三十尺”——美国“深度挖掘者”新型钻地炸弹

美国目前正在研制一种被称为“深度挖掘者”的新型钻地炸弹。据美军方人士介绍,“深度挖掘者”主要用于摧毁敌方隐藏在地下的各种掩体和弹药库。在对地下目标进行攻击的过程中,可以用它来当“开路先锋”:先投掷一枚“深度挖掘者”,击穿覆盖在目标上方的保护层, 从而为后续的常规炸弹打开通道。     

基于卷积核剪枝的遥感目标检测模型压缩方法

针对基于卷积神经网络的遥感目标检测模型压缩问题,基于卷积核剪枝理论,设计了卷积通道剪枝的方案,对YOLOv3模型进行精简压缩.提出卷积通道的概念并将BN层系数作为卷积通道的评估因子,使用L1正则化将评估因子稀疏化,将评估因子值较小的卷积通道剔除,再对各卷积层中的参数进行微调,从而达到模型压缩的目的.使用该方法对自制的典型遥感目标检测数据集进行目标检测实验,在剔除90％参数的情况下,测试精度下降率在10％以内.实验结果表明该方法能以较小的精度损失为代价,节省大部分的储存空间和计算量.     

一种改善雷达测距测角精度的窄带补偿方法

多通道间幅相不一致会影响三维成像雷达的成像质量。针对步进频率体制三维成像雷达,分析了系统窄带部分通道间幅相不一致对目标三维(距离、方位角、俯仰角)成像的影响,并提出了一种基于中频注入补偿信号的补偿方法。     

基于3DS的ISAR二维散射点模型仿真

当前,对ISAR成像和目标识别的研究很多,但用于ISAR成像和目标识别的目标模型大都相对简单.建立一种新的ISAR二维散射点模型,生成目标各种姿态的二维散射点数据库.首先选用3DS为散射点生成模型,以此为基础完成模型简化和信息抽取.然后根据目标姿态变化,计算转换坐标,并以F16战斗机为例生成二维散射点图像.最后采用步进频雷达信号对目标散射点模型进行ISAR成像.所建立的目标二维散射点模型可以用于ISAR成像和目标识别研究.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.