窄带干扰下GPS接收机捕获性能的研究

针对GPS接收机抗干扰能力强的特点,分析了窄带干扰对接收机的捕获性能的影响.在扩频理论的基础上,给出了GPS C/A码接收机信号捕获的数学模型,计算得出平均捕获时间与捕获时间方差,给出窄带干扰下的接收机信号捕获的仿真结果.结果表明,当窄带干扰功率超过一定的值时,会导致GPS接收机捕获性能的严重恶化.     

GPS伪码瞄准式干扰及硬件实现北大核心

GPS(全球定位导航系统)天线滤波和极化抗干扰技术,使得宽带阻塞式干扰的效能急剧下降。为了解决这个问题,提出了一种采用伪码瞄准式干扰方案。方案能够对GPS信号进行干扰,并且干扰性能得到提升。分析了伪码瞄准式干扰原理和评估标准,对GPS伪码瞄准式干扰机进行了设计,分别包括伪码干扰源模块设计和载波模块设计,并给出了个电路的原理和硬件实现。对GPS接收机的载噪比进行了测试,实验结果表明伪码瞄准式干扰,载噪比降低,具有干扰功率集中的优点。相比宽带阻塞式干扰,性能得到提升。     

对GPS接收机的欺骗式干扰试验研究

GPS欺骗式干扰具有发射功率小,抗干扰难度大的特点,分为转发式干扰与产生式干扰。利用卫星信号模拟器产生包含错误导航信息的GPS民用C/A码欺骗信号,通过直接侵入和压制式干扰辅助两种方式进入接收机的捕获跟踪环路,对已定位的某款GPS接收机实施欺骗干扰。试验结果表明,直接侵入方式下,通过合理控制欺骗信号功率,接收机定位被扰乱,但定位结果并未被成功欺骗至预设位置;压制式干扰辅助方式下,接收机成功误定位于预设位置,验证了对GPS接收机进行欺骗式干扰的可行性。     

GPS伪码瞄准式干扰及硬件实现

GPS(全球定位导航系统)天线滤波和极化抗干扰技术,使得宽带阻塞式干扰的效能急剧下降。为了解决这个问题,提出了一种采用伪码瞄准式干扰方案。方案能够对GPS信号进行干扰,并且干扰性能得到提升。分析了伪码瞄准式干扰原理和评估标准,对GPS伪码瞄准式干扰机进行了设计,分别包括伪码干扰源模块设计和载波模块设计,并给出了个电路的原理和硬件实现。对GPS接收机的载噪比进行了测试,实验结果表明伪码瞄准式干扰,载噪比降低,具有干扰功率集中的优点。相比宽带阻塞式干扰,性能得到提升。     

两级滤波结构的导航卫星天线阵抗干扰算法

干扰和多径是影响接收机导航定位性能的两个主要因素。针对卫星导航接收机的抗干扰问题,提出了一种基于两级滤波结构的卫星导航天线阵抗干扰算法。第一级滤波采用功率倒置算法抑制干扰,通过相关解扩提高卫星信号的信噪比,并估计出其空间特征矢量。第二级滤波用估计得到的卫星信号空间特征矢量对第一级滤波输出信号进行加权处理,从而形成指向卫星信号方向的主波束来进一步提高信噪比。仿真结果表明,该算法的性能明显优于功率倒置算法,且非常接近传统的波束形成算法,不需要阵列校正以及姿态测量单元辅助,其实现代价远小于传统的波束形成算法。     

基于接收机跟踪性能的GPS压制干扰效果分析

随着抗干扰技术的发展,为了更准确地分析P(Y)码与C/A码GPS接收机的压制干扰效果,在分析现有GPS接收机压制干扰效果研究方法和评价指标的基础上,提出了一种基于接收机跟踪性能的可用于同时分析P(Y)码与C/A码GPS接收机压制干扰效果的方法.与传统的压制干扰效果研究方法相比,该方法更接近于实际试验结果.     

编队协同有源压制干扰作战使用研究

编队协同有源压制干扰是编队战场攻防对抗的重要手段之一.分析了有源压制性干扰作战机理、空间能量分布和作战空域,在此基础上,建立了编队协同有源压制性干扰基本模型,通过数值仿真,以协同干扰功率最大为目标,给出了编队协同有源压制性干扰作战使用的一般原则,对于提高编队软杀伤能力具有一定参考价值.     

应用于卫星导航功率倒置阵的改进最小均方算法

采用功率倒置准则的自适应天线阵特别适合于弱信号、强干扰的场合,因而在卫星导航系统中得到了广泛的应用。针对基于最小均方算法实现的卫星导航功率倒置阵在干扰数目或干扰功率突然减少时,算法收敛慢、影响信号接收性能的问题,分析了这一现象的产生机理,并提出了相应的改进算法。改进算法通过功率监测来检测干扰数目或干扰功率的突变,然后对最小均方算法进行复位处理重置权值来达到迅速收敛的目的。仿真结果表明:与原算法相比,改进算法可显著提高功率倒置阵的收敛速度。     

应用于卫星导航功率倒置阵的改进LMS算法*

采用功率倒置准则的自适应天线阵特别适合于弱信号、强干扰的场合,因而在卫星导航系统中得到了广泛的应用。针对基于最小均方误差(LMS)算法实现的卫星导航功率倒置阵在干扰数目或干扰功率突然减少时,算法收敛慢、影响信号接收性能的问题,分析了这一现象的产生机理,并提出了相应的改进算法。改进算法通过功率监测来检测干扰数目或干扰功率的突变,然后对LMS算法进行复位处理重置权值来达到迅速收敛的目的。仿真结果表明,与原算法相比,改进算法可显著提高功率倒置阵的收敛速度。     

双基地雷达抗干扰模型的研究

从双基地雷达方程和实施压制性噪声干扰前后所带来的热噪声的变化出发,给出了双基地雷达探测区和干扰暴露区的计算模型,分析计算了在自卫式干扰和远距离支援干扰条件下的双基地雷达抗有源压制性干扰性能,并与单基地雷达情况进行了比较,说明收发分置的双基地体制雷达具有较强的抗干扰能力。给出了仿真算例,结果验证了这种观点。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.