救生伞背带分系统对假人动载的影响

为了改善救生伞背带分系统的安全性,建立降落伞-背带-假人系统的动力学模型,分析背带及脱离锁参数对假人质心过载的影响。针对救生伞假人高速开伞空投试验,采用多体动力学方法建立降落伞、背带脱离锁和假人的十五自由度动力学模型;采用半质量-阻尼弹簧模型建立背带模型,连接降落伞、脱离锁和假人;利用实测过载计算降落伞开伞力。利用所建立的动力学模型仿真典型状态下假人和背带的动力学响应,验证所建立模型的合理性。分析了脱离锁位置、背带松紧程度、背带材料特性对假人质心最大过载的影响,可用于指导背带设计以及确定最佳的背带脱离锁位置。     

基于变型设计理论的系列产品平台设计方法研究

应用变型设计理论和方法,对系列产品平台设计方法进行研究,探索覆盖整个产品功能要求的系列产品平台设计方法(Platform Design for Variety简称PDFV)。提出采用量化计算的产品变型指标和关联指标作为外因和内因引起系列产品更新设计的指导工具,获取产品变化的趋势,研究部件所受到的外界因素的影响,用关联指标作为部件之间关联程度的批示器,使开发出的系列产品平台具有柔性,以确保平台以最低的成本派生新产品,为快速实现系列产品的变型设计和配置设计提供科学方法。产品变型指标和关联指标工具的组合完善了PDFV方法。以油料装备系列产品油罐车为实例,论述了产品变型指标和关联指标构建的步骤。阐明基于变型设计理论的系列产品平台的研究,对实现快速设计、降低产品开发成本具有重要意义。     

救生伞背带参数对假人动载的影响研究

针对救生伞假人高速开伞空投试验，建立降落伞-背带-假人系统的动力学模型，分析背带及脱离锁参数对假人质心过载的影响。在合理简化的基础上，采用多体动力学方法建立降落伞、背带脱离锁和假人的十五自由度动力学模型；采用质量-阻尼弹簧模型建立背带模型，连接降落伞、脱离锁和假人；利用实测过载计算降落伞开伞力。利用所建立的动力学模型仿真典型状态下假人和背带的动力学响应，验证所建立模型的合理性。分析脱离锁位置、背带松紧程度、背带材料特性对假人质心最大过载的影响，用于指导背带设计以及确定最佳的背带脱离锁位置。     

VERIFIABILITY,RELIABILITY, AND NATIONAL SECURITY

The rejection of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) by the U.S. Senate in October 1999 could have been avoided, and the consequences of that vote still loom in the minds of supporters of the treaty. President Barack Obama has embraced the vision of a world free of nuclear weapons, and a key element of the Obama administration's arms control agenda is delivering on U.S. CTBT ratification. In order to secure the two-thirds majority in the Senate necessary to ratify the treaty, senators that remain skeptical of nuclear disarmament must also be convinced that the entry into force of the CTBT is in the national security interest of the United States. This article provides an analysis of the issues surrounding U.S. CTBT ratification divided into three segments—verifiability of the treaty, reliability of the U.S. stockpile, and the treaty's impact on U.S. national security—and concludes that CTBT ratification serves the security objectives of the United States. The CTBT constitutes an integral component of the multilateral nonproliferation architecture designed to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons, and it constrains the qualitative development of nuclear weapons, thereby hindering efforts by states of concern to develop advanced nuclear weapons.     

基于威胁路径的报警关联分析方法

大量的误报大大降低了现有网络入侵检测系统的实用性,利用报警日志之间的逻辑关系是降低误报率的方法之一。提出了威胁路径的概念,在此基础上提出了基于因果关系的关联分析方法。利用网络的背景信息,发掘报警日志记录之间的逻辑关系,进一步提高报警的准确性,降低误报率。经实验验证,该方法可有效降低网络入侵检测系统误报率,并可用于辅助分析网络入侵过程。     

Dissolution of an Empire: Insights from the İstanbul Bourse and the Ottoman War Bond

During the transformation period of the Ottoman Empire leading to the Republic of Turkey, many conflicts took place between 1918 and 1923. These conflicts interrupted the servicing of the Ottoman war bond. The reimbursement likelihood of this bond was related to the outcomes of First World War and the hostilities. This paper analyses the impacts of First World War and hostilities on the risk assessments regarding the Ottoman war debt, using manually collected data on the price of the Ottoman war bond traded at the ?stanbul bourse between 1918 and 1925. The empirical results imply that the defeat of the Bulgarian army and the peace offer of Austria-Hungary were associated with the increasing premium demanded by investors of the bond. The victories of the Turkish National Movement and the peace offer of the Allies to end the hostilities by 1922 positively affected the likelihood of the servicing of the debt.     

Numerical simulation of warhead transportation

The new numerical approach for analysis of the warhead transportations is suggested.This approach allows to control the warhead operability before its experimental analysis.The approach is implemented by the adequate models for the software ANSYS.Analysis of the loads at land operations and trans-portations of the warhead by natural roads,water and aviation allows to obtain the maximal values of loads,which are used in numerical simulations of the warhead.These loads give an opportunity to analyze the operability and the fatigue strength of the cartridge warhead.The numerical simulations of the attachments of the warhead combat elements are performed on the basis of the suggested method.The data of the numerical simulations verifies the operability of the fastener system of the warhead combat elements.     

直升机工作特性建模与飞行性能仿真

以涡轮轴发动机工作特性建模为中心,对某系列直升机飞行性能进行仿真研究,力争实现对直升机实施"基于状态的维修"。讨论了直升机飞行性能和涡轮轴发动机特性的表述方法,建立了涡轮轴发动机的数学模型,并讨论了其解法与应用。基于发动机台架性能仿真程序对该模型进行简化,得到涡轮轴发动机工作过程的热力学模型。对发动机性能进行计算完成飞行性能仿真,应用结果表明该方法是可信、高效的。     

一种定征层状平面结构界面粘接强度的兰姆波方法

置于层状平面结构表面的斜劈超声换能器被用于激发和接收多模兰姆波。文章首先分析了采用多模兰姆波的幅频特性定征界面粘接强度的可行性。基于Ritec-SNAP 超声测量系统,建立了采用兰姆波方法定征层状结构界面粘接强度的实验系统。对于给定的层状平面结构,将粘接层的固化过程用于模拟粘接层界面强度的变化过程。对于不同的粘接层固化时间,实验测得的多模兰姆波幅频曲线明显不同。借助于声——超声技术中的应力波因子,给出了兰姆波应力波因子的定义。实验结果显示,兰姆波应力波因子与间接表示界面粘接强度的固化时间之间存在确定的单调对应关系,表明将多模兰姆波的应力波因子用于定征层状平面结构的界面粘接强度是可行的。     

某型火炮制退机节制环磨损故障分析与处理

制退机的性能好坏直接关系到火炮作战效能的发挥。针对目前装备保障方式大多停留在维修层面而理论研究不够深入的实际,对节制环磨损故障的机理进行分析。以某型火炮短节制杆式制退复进机为对象,利用MATLAB数值计算平台,编程仿真节制环磨损故障对后坐的影响。同时探讨了故障后对火炮的处理方案。研究表明,节制环磨损对后坐诸元都将产生不同影响,针对影响的程度可制定相应的故障处理方案。仿真模拟和方案探讨对装备保障工作具有参考意义。     

舰炮武器系统可靠性指标确定方法研究

舰炮武器系统可靠性指标的提出应当立足于作战使用的需求。从作战使用的角度,依据系统作战效能的影响因素,运用ADC模型研究了舰炮武器系统在战术技术指标给定的情况下系统可靠性指标与系统作战效能的关系,提出一种从作战使用角度确定可靠性指标方法,并通过实例分析验证了方法的可行性,为舰炮武器系统以及其它武器装备的型号研制论证提供参考。     

典型线性火工分离装置作用过程数值模拟及试验研究

针对目前线性火工分离装置的优化设计主要依靠试验验证,成本高且设计优化迭代慢的问题,采用任意拉格朗日-欧拉方法建立典型线性火工分离装置的数值模型。通过火工分离试验和光子多普勒测速试验对上述数值模型进行验证,发现该数值模型具有较好的精度。使用该模型研究上述火工分离装置分离瞬态过程的力学机理,并定量分析多种因素对分离装置重点部位等效塑性应变等关键特征量的影响。研究发现,芯药线密度、分离板削弱槽底部的圆角半径对分离装置的作用过程有重大影响。此外,保护罩材质、削弱槽开口角度、分离板槽结构尺寸等因素对分离过程也有一定影响,但其影响相对较小。研究结果可以为典型线性火工分离装置的优化设计提供基础。     

Strain concentration caused by the closed end contributes to cartridge case failure at the bottom

Ruptures at the bottom of cartridges are a common cause of failure of ammunitions, which directly threatens the safety of weapons and shooters. Based on plastic tube theory, this study analyses the radial and axial deformation of a cartridge, considering the radial constraint of the closed end at the bottom of the cartridge. Owing to the influence of the closed end, the bottom of a cartridge does not establish complete contact with the chamber. Owing to strain concentration in the non-contact area, this area is more amenable to the occurrence of cartridge rupture. This theory predicts the location of the fracture more accurately than the traditional theory. The maximum axial deformation of a cartridge comprises bending and friction deformation. The maximum strain at the bottom of the cartridge increased by 135% owing to the introduction of bending strain caused by the closed end. The strain distribution of a cartridge was measured using digital image correlation technology, and the measured result was consistent with the predicted results of the bending deformation theory and rupture case. The effects of wall thickness, radial clearance, friction coefficient, and axial clearance on the axial deformation of the cylinder were studied. Increasing the wall thickness and reducing radial clearance were found to reduce bending deformation; furthermore, lubrication and reduction in axial clearance reduce frictional deformation, which in turn reduce cartridge rupture.     

ADC模型的高空滑翔UUV作战效能分析

在简单介绍了高空滑翔UUV的概念及其工作过程的基础上,选用ADC模型对高空滑翔UUV的作战效能进行了分析。主要分析其可用度、可信度和能力矩阵的影响因素并建立了计算模型。在此基础上,对高空滑翔UUV的能力矩阵进行了分解并对成功发射概率、滑翔生存概率、低空突防生存概率、成功入水概率及水中击中目标概率等主要组成部分的影响因素进行了详细的分析。最后通过一个简单的算例验证了模型的可行性。     

One Step Forward,Two Steps Back

This article explores the potential impact of U.S. disarmament leadership on the nuclear diplomacy of North Korea and Iran, the “defiant states.” The first part of the article introduces the concept of “interaction capacity,” which measures a state's integration into international society, based on its physical communication systems and its adoption of shared norms. The theory predicts that lower levels of interaction capacity will generate a greater propensity for nuclear defiance, as the affected states reject and try to resist integration pressures. In the second and third parts of the article, this conceptual framework is applied to the cases of North Korea and Iran. The analysis suggests that efforts to reassert U.S. disarmament leadership could increase the alienation of North Korea and Iran, leading to provocation and escalation of nuclear tensions. The final part of the paper explores the policy implications of this analysis for the potentially defunct six-party talks, for hopes of renewed negotiations with Iran, and for the 2010 Review Conference of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons.     

大功率柴油机喷油提前角对缸内燃烧过程的影响

针对某型大功率柴油机,采用试验和计算流体力学（CFD）仿真相结合的方法,研究了大功率柴油机在不同喷油提前角下的燃烧特性,着重分析了缸内最大爆发压力、峰值角、最大压力升高率、燃烧始点等参数的变化趋势,同时对缸内速度场、燃空当量比分布和温度场的变化进行研究,得出喷油提前角的变化对预混合滞燃期的改变是影响柴油机燃烧过程的主要因素,随着喷油提前角的增大,滞燃期内可燃混合气增多,缸内最大爆发压力、最大压力升高率和缸内最高温度随之升高。     

物权行政法保护之问题及对策探讨

行政法授权国家行政机关进行物权的行政管理，具体行政行为可以有效地保证物权的安全，为物权的充分行使提供良好的法治条件。保证行政机关更加科学有效地保护物权，则必须坚持“公共利益”界定法律化、行政行为程序法制化、行政救济制度法治化，必须建立全国统一的物权登记制度、完善国家行政补偿制度、大力推进物权行政保护制度化建设、完善行政监督制约机制。     

夹芯复合材料基座结构设计与强度分析

提出了两型夹芯复合材料基座结构的设计方案,建立了夹芯复合材料基座数值分析模型,通过理论分析确定了影响基座结构刚度和强度性能的主要参数;应用有限元法,分析了铺层方式、支撑厚度和骨架形式等对直支撑基座结构刚度和强度性能的影响规律,计算并讨论了曲率半径对弧形支撑式基座刚度和强度性能的影响;比较了5种夹芯材料基座的结构力学性能,并通过优化设计,确定了夹芯复合材料基座结构形式。     

基于虚拟样机技术的履带车辆传动箱模态分析

传动箱虚拟样机模型包括箱体和齿轮传动系2部分。分析传动箱模态参数,应包含齿轮系与箱体之间约束的影响。在虚拟环境下测量了传动箱的模态参数,对比了包含齿轮系和不包含齿轮系2种情况,验证了该箱体的设计使传动箱整体避开了与车辆的共振频率。同时说明了虚拟样机试验方法在箱体类零部件模态测试中的应用与技术可行性。为在设计阶段优化箱体结构提供指导。     

税收法定主义之内涵界定

税收是国家财政收入的主要源泉之一,同时又影响着纳税人的财产利益。平衡这两方面的关系,尤其保障纳税人的合法权益,主要依赖于我国税收法律制度的规范和完善。作者认为,我国应顺应世界法制的发展潮流,从宪法和法律上明确吸收采纳税收法定主义。本文从对税收法定主义的概念和具体内容研究入手展开讨论,旨在解决税收法律制度的立法和执法的根本问题,以期对规范和完善我国的税收法律制度奠定一个良好的基础。